LEADER 04027nam 2200469 450 001 9910480294303321 005 20170919025143.0 010 $a92-9257-152-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000611328 035 $a(EBL)4453815 035 $a(OCoLC)944311198 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4453815 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000611328 100 $a20160625h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aFossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia $etrends, impacts, and reforms /$fAsian Development Bank 210 1$aManila, Philippines :$cAsian Development Bank,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (53 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a92-9257-151-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; Tables and Figures; Tables; 1 Comparison of Estimates of Fossil Fuel Consumer Subsidies; 2 Scenarios of Removing Fossil Fuel Subsidies; 3 Subsidy Savings and Reallocation to Households in the SAM Model; 4 Key Projected Macroeconomic Impacts; 5 Impacts on Household Welfare in the Vulnerability and Reallocation Scenarios; 6 Projected Distributional Impacts of Subsidy Reform and Compensation on Household Real Incomes, Macro Model; 7 Impact of Subsidy Reform and Compensation Methods on Household Real Incomes in 2020; 8 SAM model Sectoral Impacts 327 $a9 Projections of Output by the Macro Model10 Projected Impacts by the MARKAL Model for Energy Consumption, 2030; 11 Projected Impacts on Power Generation by the MARKAL Model; 12 Final Projected Energy Demand by Fuel and Sector; 13 Final Projected CO[sub(2)] Emissions by Fuel User; 14 Timeline of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms since 2005; 15 Poverty, Subsidies, and Social Spending (latest year); 16 Share of Household Expenditure on Energy Sources, Food, and Transport, 2005; 17 Social Assistance Associated with Fuel Subsidy Reform 327 $aA5.1 Equivalent Fuel Subsidies and Price Changes in 2008 for SAM ModelA6.1 Projections for Energy Consumption by Sector and Energy Supply by Source; A6.2 Projections for Power Capacity, Supply, and Cost; Figures; 1 Major Quantified Fossil Fuel Subsidies to Producers and Consumers, 2012; 2 Fossil Fuel Subsidies Compared to Other Expenditure and ODA, 2012; 3 Annual Direct Electricity Subsidies to PT PLN; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 2 Overview of the Energy Sector; Resources and Market Structure; Prices, Taxes, and Support Mechanisms 327 $a3 The Size of Fuel Subsidies and Impact of Their ReformsEstimating Subsidies; Impacts of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms; On Government Finances; On the Economy; On Households; On Businesses and Industry; On the Energy Sector; On the Environment; 4 Fuel Subsidy Reforms and the Need to Protect the Poor; Recent Reform Initiatives; Effect of Reforms on the Poor; Policy Instruments Available; Effectiveness of Past and Current Programs Associated with Fuel Subsidy Reform; Broader Social Assistance Programs and Problems in Implementation; Improving Social Assistance Programs for the Poor 327 $a5 Summary of FindingsAnnexes; 1 Inventory of Subsidies for the Consumption of Fossil Fuels; 2 Inventory of Subsidies for the Production of Electricity; 3 Strengths and Weaknesses of Economics and Energy Models Used for the Analysis; 4 Main Characteristics of the Reform Impact Models Used; 5 Calculations to Adapt Recent Year Subsidies to the Social Accounting Matrices; 6 Market Allocation Model Results; 7 Major National Social Assistance Programs; List of Background Papers; References 606 $aEnergy consumption$zIndonesia 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEnergy consumption 676 $a333.79073 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910480294303321 996 $aFossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia$92175497 997 $aUNINA