LEADER 03460oam 22005053a 450 001 9910703041903321 005 20230622022723.0 035 $a(NBER)w11622 035 $a(CKB)3240000000016468 035 $a(OCoLC)61116259 035 $a(EXLCZ)993240000000016468 100 $a20230622d2005 fy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDoes Social Security Privatization Produce Efficiency Gains? /$fShinichi Nishiyama, Kent Smetters 210 $aCambridge, Mass$cNational Bureau of Economic Research$d2005 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cCongressional Budget Office,$d[2005] 215 $a1 online resource$cillustrations (black and white); 225 1 $aNBER working paper series$vno. w11622 300 $aSeptember 2005. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 37-38). 330 3 $aWhile privatizing Social Security can improve labor supply incentives, it can also reduce risk sharing when households face uninsurable risks. We simulate a stylized 50-percent privatization using an overlapping-generations model where heterogenous agents with elastic labor supply face idiosyncratic earnings shocks and longevity uncertainty. When wage shocks are insurable, privatization produces about $21,900 of new resources for each future household (growth adjusted over time) after all households have been fully compensated for their possible transitional losses. However, when wages are not insurable, privatization reduces efficiency by about $5,600 per future household despite improved labor supply incentives. 330 3 $aWe check the robustness of these results to different model specications and arrive at several surprising conclusions. First, privatization actually performs relatively better in a closed economy, where interest rates decline with capital accumulation, than in an open economy where capital can be accumulated without reducing interest rates. Second, privatization also performs relatively better when an actuarially-fair private annuity market does not exist than when it does exist. Third, introducing progressivity into the privatized system to restore risk sharing must be done carefully. In particular, having the government match private contributions on a progressive basis is not very effective at restoring risk sharing -- too much matching actually harms efficiency. However, increasing the progressivity of the remaining traditional system is very effective at restoring risk sharing, thereby allowing partial privatization to produce efficiency gains of $2,700 per future household. 410 0$aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)$vno. w11622. 606 $aGeneral$2jelc 606 $aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue$2jelc 606 $aFiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents$2jelc 615 7$aGeneral 615 7$aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue 615 7$aFiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents 686 $aH0$2jelc 686 $aH2$2jelc 686 $aH3$2jelc 700 $aNishiyama$b Shinichi$01363569 701 $aSmetters$b Kent$0292064 712 02$aNational Bureau of Economic Research. 801 0$bMaCbNBER 801 1$bMaCbNBER 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910703041903321 996 $aDoes Social Security Privatization Produce Efficiency Gains$93386758 997 $aUNINA LEADER 11947oam 2200709 c 450 001 9910476909703321 005 20260102090118.0 010 $a3-657-70518-X 024 3 $a9783657705184 035 $a(CKB)5450000000037697 035 $a(Brill | Scho?ningh)9783657705184 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/68047 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31217516 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31217516 035 $a(oapen)doab68047 035 $a(Brill | Schöningh)9783657705184 035 $a(EXLCZ)995450000000037697 100 $a20260102d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnnunnnannuu 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aRoma Voices in History$eA Sourcebook$fElena Marushiakova, Vesselin Popov 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aPaderborn$cBrill | Schöningh$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (1104 p.)$c6 b&w tables 311 08$a3-506-70518-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- Content -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. The Genesis of the Roma Emancipation -- 1.1 The Austro-Hungarian Empire -- 1.1.1 The Gypsy Voivodina -- 1.1.1.1 János Kaldarás and Mihaly Szava -- 1.1.1.2 The two Gypsy Chieftains -- Comments -- 1.1.2 The Gypsy Congress in Kisfalu -- 1.1.2.1 The Gypsy Congress -- 1.1.2.2 The Gypsy Day -- 1.1.2.3 The Times Newspaper -- Comments -- 1.1.3 The Letter of Raphael to Emperor Francis-Joseph -- Comments -- 1.1.4 An Association of Gypsies -- Comments -- 1.2 The Ottoman Empire -- 1.2.1 A Letter to the Editor of the Macedonia Newspaper -- Comments -- 1.2.2 The Guild Holy Days -- Comments -- 1.2.3 The Petition from Xanthi -- Comments -- 1.3 The Russian Empire -- 1.3.1 The Sorochyntsi Uprising -- Comments -- Summarising Comments -- Chapter 2. Bulgaria -- 2.1 The Struggle for Suffrage -- 2.1.1 The Congress of the Gypsies in Bulgaria -- 2.1.2 The Gypsy Congress -- 2.1.3 The Gypsy Congress in Sofia -- 2.1.4 The Gypsy Congress - The First Meeting -- 2.1.5 The Gypsy Congress - The Second Meeting -- 2.1.6 A Telegram from the Gypsies to the Royal Prince -- 2.1.7 The Gypsy Movement -- 2.1.8 Dr. Marko Markov in Plovdiv -- 2.1.9 The Gypsy Meeting in Varna -- 2.1.10 A Gypsy Protest -- Comments -- 2.2 Local Organisations -- 2.2.1 The Statute of the Egyptian Nationality in the Town of Vidin -- Comments -- 2.3 National Organisations -- 2.3.1 The Statute of the Organisation 'Istikbal - Future' -- 2.3.2 The Minutes of the General Constitutive Meeting of the Mohammedan-Gypsy Union -- 2.3.3 The Statute of the Mohammedan-Gypsy Union -- 2.3.4 The Application from the Mohammedan-Gypsy Union (April) -- 2.3.5 The Application from the Mohammedan-Gypsy Union (June) -- 2.3.6 Opinion -- 2.3.7 Acknowledgement -- 2.3.8 A Letter to Police Directorate -- 2.3.9 The Statute of the Organisation 'Ekipe'. 327 $a2.3.10 The Memoirs of Shakir Pashov (Part 1) -- Comments -- 2.4 Evangelical Churches -- 2.4.1 The Gypsy Evangelical Baptist Church -- 2.4.2 The Gospel for All -- 2.4.3 The Stolen Gospel -- 2.4.4 News -- Comments -- 2.5 Socio-Political Struggles -- 2.5.1 The Memoirs of Shakir Pashov (Part 2) -- 2.5.2 The Autobiography by Shakir Pashov -- 2.5.3 The Memory of Vasil Chakmakov -- Comments -- Summarising Comments -- Chapter 3. Yugoslavia -- 3.1 Organisations -- 3.1.1 The First Serbian Gypsy Zadruga for Mutual Aid in Sickness and Death -- 3.1.1.1 The Gypsy Movement -- 3.1.1.2 The Membership Card -- 3.1.1.3 Celebration on Saint Bibija -- 3.1.1.4 The Belgrade Gypsies Are Building a House of Culture and Civilisation -- Comments -- 3.1.2 The Club of the Belgrade Serbian Gypsies -- 3.1.2.1 The Day of Aunt Bibija -- 3.1.2.2 A Telegram to King Peter II -- Comments -- 3.1.3 The Association of the Belgrade Gypsies Worshippers of Bibija (Tetkica) -- 3.1.3.1 The Statute of Association of Belgrade Gypsies Worshippers of Bibija (Tetkica) -- 3.1.3.2 The Belgrade Gypsies Held Their Assembly -- Comments -- 3.1.4 An Educational Club of the Yugoslav Gypsy Youth -- Comments -- 3.2 Civil rights and political participation -- 3.2.1 The Gypsies Want Their Representative in the Parliament -- 3.2.2 The Protest Rally of the Belgrade Gypsies -- 3.2.3 Political Party Participation -- 3.2.3.1 The Gypsy Party is Being Set up -- 3.2.3.2 The Gypsy Electoral List in Valjevo District -- 3.2.4 The Vi?egrad Gypsies Have Built a House of Education -- Comments -- 3.3 Visions and Activism -- 3.3.1 Our First Word -- 3.3.2 Romano Lil -- 3.3.3 Midday Pictures of Our First Gypsy Journalist -- Comments -- Chapter 4. Greece -- 4.1 The Rental Agreement -- Comments -- 4.2 The Struggle in the Village -- Comments -- 4.3 The Statute of the Panhellenic Cultural Association of the Greek Gypsies -- Comments. 327 $aAdditional Comments -- Chapter 5. Turkey -- 5.1 Petitions -- 5.1.1 A Telegram from Gypsies from Drama -- 5.1.2 A Telegram from Gypsies from Kavala -- Comments -- 5.2 The Tobacco Workers -- 5.2.1 Emin At?lal -- 5.2.2 Zehra Kosova -- Comments -- 5.2.3 An Obituary for Zehra Kosova -- Comments -- 5.3 Media Testimonials -- 5.3.1 May Day -- Comments -- 5.3.2 The Trial of the Communists -- Comments -- 5.4 Training in the USSR -- 5.4.1 Remzi Salih Mustafa -- 5.4.2 The Opinion Report -- 5.4.3 The Autobiography -- 5.4.4 References -- 5.4.5 The Questionnaire -- Comments -- 5.4.6 Mustafa Mehmet (Alekber A?ao?lu, Petko) -- 5.4.7 The Autobiography (1) -- 5.4.8 The Questionary Form -- 5.4.9 Autobiography (2) -- 5.4.10 Reference -- Comments -- 5.5 Kakava Day -- Comments -- Chapter 6. Romania -- 6.1 First Steps -- 6.1.1 A Manifesto of the Gypsies -- Comments -- 6.1.2 Gypsy Assemblies -- a) The Gypsy Assembly of Ucea de Jos -- b) The Gypsy Assembly in Mo?na -- Comments -- 6.1.3 The Memorandum from Dumbraveni -- Comments -- 6.2 Professional Organisations -- 6.2.1 The Gypsy Musicians Progress -- 6.2.2 The Founding of the General Association of Gypsies in Romania -- Comments -- 6.3 National Organisations -- 6.3.1 G. A. L?zuric? on Popp ?erboianu's Book -- Comments -- 6.3.2 An Appeal to All Gypsies in Romania -- 6.3.3 A Call for a Meeting by the General Association of Gypsies in Romania -- 6.3.4 A Call for Participation at a Roma Congress in Bucharest, October 8, 1933 -- 6.3.5 The Congress of the Gypsies -- Comments -- 6.3.6 After the Congress of Roma -- Comments -- 6.3.7 The Statute and Regulations of the General Union of the Roma in Romania -- 6.3.8 The Artistic and Cultural Festival of the Roma -- 6.3.9 The Roma from Romania Have Met -- Comments -- 6.3.10 Roma Brothers! -- Comments -- 6.3.11 Our Programme -- Comments -- 6.3.12 An Appeal to the Roma from 1936. 327 $a6.3.13 What We Ask for -- Comments -- 6.4 Regional Organisations -- 6.4.1 The Police Report from Turnu Severin -- 6.4.2 The Police Report from ?imian Island -- 6.4.3 The Gypsy Life -- Comments -- 6.4.4 The House, the School and the Church -- Comments -- 6.4.5 The Neo-Rustic Brotherhood -- 6.4.6 To all the Gypsies in Transylvania -- Comments -- 6.4.7 Who Are We and What Do We Want? -- Comments -- 6.4.8 From Our Activity -- Comments -- 6.4.9 The Transylvanian Roma -- Comments -- 6.5 Naming -- 6.5.1 Is the Word 'Gypsy' a Word of Mockery, or the Name for a Nation -- 6.5.2 What Roma Should Know -- 6.5.3 Clarification -- Comments -- 6.6 The Sedentarisation of the Gypsy Nomads -- 6.6.1 The Colonisation of the Nomadic Gypsies -- Comments -- 6.6.2 The Nomads Who Create Their Independent State -- Comments -- 6.6.3 The Colonisation of Nomads -- Comments -- 6.7 Religion -- 6.7.1 God's Work among the Gypsies -- Comments -- 6.7.2 The Priests and Our Movement -- Comments -- 6.7.3 The Orthodox Church and the Roma -- Comments -- 6.8 The National Civic Identity -- 6.8.1 The Gypsies in Romania. Who Were They? Who Are They? What Do They Want to be? -- Comments -- 6.8.2 Faith, Country, King -- Comments -- 6.8.3 To Write in the Romani Language -- Comments -- 6.8.4 Romania for the Romanians -- Comments -- 6.8.5 What Should a Rom Do -- Comments -- 6.9 The Roma Women -- 6.9.1 To the Roma Women -- Comments -- 6.9.2 My Dearest Sisters -- Comments -- 6.9.3 The Women in the Roma Association -- Comments -- 6.10 Poems & -- Songs -- 6.10.1 To the Roma -- Comments -- 6.10.2 The March of the Roma -- Comments -- 6.10.3 Let's Sing Roma -- Comments -- Additional Comments -- Chapter 7. Hungary -- 7.1 The Hungarian Gypsy Musician's National Association -- 7.1.1 The Hungarian Gypsy Musician's National Association Modified Statute -- Comments. 327 $a7.1.2 The Meeting in Defense of Professional Rights -- Comments -- 7.1.3 The Extraordinary National Meeting with the Presence of Local Groups -- Comments -- 7.1.4 The Battle against Jazz and for Protection of Hungarian Gypsy Music -- Comments -- 7.2 The Restarting of the Gypsy Musicians' Society and the Journal -- 7.2.1 Károly Bura -- Comments -- 7.2.2 The Bihari Gypsy Music School -- Comments -- 7.2.3 The Dispute about the Repertoire of Gypsy Musicians -- Comments -- 7.3 The Hungarian Gypsy Musicians' National Federation -- 7.3.1 The Hungarian Gypsy Musicians' National Federation Statute -- Comments -- 7.3.2 The Five-hundred-year Jubilee -- Comments -- 7.3.3 The World Congress on Gypsyology -- Comments -- Additional Comments -- Chapter 8. Czechoslovakia -- 8.1 Naming and Labeling of Roma -- 8.1.1 A Letter to the State Attorney's Office in Uherské Hradi?t? -- 8.1.2 A Letter to the Provincial Office in Prague -- Comments -- 8.2 Schooling of the Roma -- 8.2.1 A Letter to the President Tomá? Garrigue Masaryk -- 8.2.2 A Letter to the President's Office -- Comments -- 8.3 Associations -- 8.3.1 The Union of the Czechoslovak Gypsy Musicians -- 8.3.2 The Establishment of the Society for the Study of the Gypsy Question -- 8.3.3 The General Assembly of the Society -- 8.3.4 A Quarter-Hour with Chief Physician Stuchlík about the Gypsies -- 8.3.5 Social and Educational Activities of the State Police in Ko?ice -- 8.3.6 A Letter to the City Council in Ko?ice (1) -- 8.3.7 A Letter to the City Council in Ko?ice (2) -- 8.3.8 The Report on the Activities of the 'Lavutarisz' Society in Ko?ice -- 8.3.9 The Celebration of the 500th Anniversary of the Arrival of Gypsies in Slovakia -- Comments -- Additional Comments -- Chapter 9. Poland -- 9.1 The Gypsy Kings -- 9.1.1 King Jan Micha?ak-Michailescu -- 9.1.2 King Micha? Kwiek in Krakow -- Comments. 327 $a9.1.3 Chancellor Rudolf Kwiek. 330 $aThis ground-breaking book is an impressively extensive collection of primary historical sources in various languages that reflect the history of the Roma (formerly referred to as ?Gypsies? in local languages). The selection of the included materials reflects the authentic voice of the Roma them - selves, and presents their visions and the specific goals pursued by the Roma civic emancipation movement. The source materials are published in original and translated in English, and are accompanied by explanatory notes and summarising comments discussing the specific historical realities and their interrelation to the Romani emancipatory movement in Central and Eastern Europe, thus presenting a comprehensive picture of the historical processes. 606 $aRoma/Gypsies 606 $ahistory 606 $asources 606 $acivic 606 $aemancipation 606 $aactivism 606 $aorganisations 606 $avisionaries 615 4$aRoma/Gypsies 615 4$ahistory 615 4$asources 615 4$acivic 615 4$aemancipation 615 4$aactivism 615 4$aorganisations 615 4$avisionaries 676 $a301 702 $aMarushiakova$b Elena$4edt 702 $aPopov$b Vesselin$4edt 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910476909703321 996 $aRoma Voices in History$94413895 997 $aUNINA