LEADER 03994nam 2200601 450 001 9910466595903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-5017-0845-7 010 $a1-5017-0846-5 024 7 $a10.7591/9781501708466 035 $a(CKB)3710000001411124 035 $a(OCoLC)961266882 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse57116 035 $a(DE-B1597)492947 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781501708466 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4883898 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4883898 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11401416 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL1015919 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001411124 100 $a20170719h20172017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aTwo weeks every summer $efresh air children and the problem of race in America /$fTobin Miller Shearer 210 1$aIthaca, New York ;$aLondon, [England] :$cCornell University Press,$d2017. 210 4$dİ2017 215 $a1 online resource (pages cm) 225 0 $aAmerican Institutions and Society 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a1-5017-0745-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tContents -- $tPreface -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tIntroduction -- $t1. Knowledge, Girl, Nature -- $t2. Church, Concrete, Pond -- $t3. Grass, Color, Sass -- $t4. Sex, Seven, Sick -- $t5. Milk, Money, Power -- $t6. Greeting, Gone, Good -- $tEpilogue -- $tAppendix 1. Fresh Air Organizations -- $tAppendix 2. Documented Fresh Air Hosting Towns, 1939-1979 -- $tNotes -- $tBibliographic Note -- $tIndex 330 $aTwo Weeks Every Summer, which is based on extensive oral history interviews with former guests, hosts, and administrators in Fresh Air programs, opens a new chapter in the history of race in the United States by showing how the actions of hundreds of thousands of rural and suburban residents who hosted children from the city perpetuated racial inequity rather than overturned it. Since 1877 and to this day, Fresh Air programs from Maine to Montana have brought inner-city children to rural and suburban homes for two-week summer vacations. Tobin Miller Shearer brings to the forefront of his history of the Fresh Air program the voices of the children themselves through letters that they wrote, pictures that they took, and their testimonials. Shearer offers a careful social and cultural history of the Fresh Air programs, giving readers a good sense of the summer experiences for both hosts and the visiting children. By covering the racially transformative years between 1939 and 1979, Shearer shows how the rhetoric of innocence employed by Fresh Air boosters largely served the interests of religiously minded white hosts and did little to offer more than a vacation for African American and Latino urban youth. In what could have been a new arena for the civil rights movement, white adults often overpowered the courageous actions of children of color. By giving white suburbanites and rural residents a safe race relations project that did not require adjustments to their investment portfolios, real estate holdings, or political affiliations, the programs perpetuated an economic order that marginalized African Americans and Latinos by suggesting that solutions to poverty lay in one-on-one acts of charity. 410 0$aAmerican institutions and society. 606 $aFresh-air charity$zUnited States 606 $aAfrican American children$xSocial conditions 606 $aRace relations$zUnited States 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aFresh-air charity 615 0$aAfrican American children$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aRace relations 676 $a362.71 700 $aShearer$b Tobin Miller$01041119 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910466595903321 996 $aTwo weeks every summer$92464436 997 $aUNINA