LEADER 04858nam 2200637 450 001 9910465970103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8261-9426-5 035 $a(CKB)3710000000614837 035 $a(EBL)4442409 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001627818 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16370025 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001627818 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14807887 035 $a(PQKB)11079096 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4442409 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4442409 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11171411 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL903245 035 $a(OCoLC)944248829 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000614837 100 $a20160610h20162016 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCritical thinking, science, and pseudoscience $ewhy we can't trust our brains /$fCaleb W. Lack, Jacques Rousseau ; acquisitions editor Nancy Hale 210 1$aNew York, New York :$cSpringer Publishing Company,$d2016. 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (304 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8261-9419-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aCover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Foreword: Brains, Hearts, Guts, and Genitals; Preface; Reference; Acknowledgments; Share Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains; Chapter 1: Why Do We Need Critical Thinking?; Knowledge and Empowerment; Justification; Relativism; If Actions Matter, Beliefs Do Too; Opinions, Beliefs, and Knowledge; Opinions and Beliefs; Knowledge; Justification of Beliefs; What's the Point of Critical Thinking?; The High-Ground Answer; The Middle-Ground Answer; The Low-Ground Answer; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References 327 $aChapter 2: What Is Science?Hype Versus Hypotheses; Science: Not Always "Common Sense"; What Is Science?; Building Blocks of the Scientific Method; Scientific Reasoning; An Example; Induction and Deduction; Verification and Falsification; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 3: What Is Pseudoscience?; Why Is this a Problem?; The Demarcation Problem; Tips for Identifying Pseudoscience; Sensationalism and Oversimplification; Press Releases, Jargon, and "Churnalism"; Conflicts of Interest; Anecdotal Evidence; Small and/or Unrepresentative Sample Sizes; Cherry-Picking 327 $aNo Control Group, No Blind Testing; The Limits of Science; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 4: What Is Critical Thinking?; What Is a Skeptic?; Optimal, Not Perfect, Decisions; The Space of Reasons; Argument and Argumentation; Arguments and Nonarguments; A Global Debate; Critical Thinking-A Skeptic's Guide; Extraordinary Claims; Falsifiability; Occam's Razor and Ruling Out Rival Hypotheses; Fallacies; Engaging With Fallacies; Induction Versus Deduction; Logic and Truth Preservation; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References 327 $aChapter 5: Why Can't We Trust Our Brains?The Logically Illogical Brain; Confirmation Bias; Belief Perseverance; Hindsight Bias; Representative Heuristic; Availability Heuristic; Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristics; Getting Something from Nothing; Backmasking; The Face of a Martian; Religious Imagery in Unusual Places; Sports Curses and Jinxes; Seeing Because of Believing; Backmasking Unmasked; Jesus, Martian, and Joseph!; Statistical Unjinxing; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 6: Why Can't We Trust Our World?; Confirmation Bias and Motivated Reasoning 327 $aThe Backfire Effect; Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers; Moral Panics and Dietary Hyperbole; Is Sugar Addictive?; Pressure to Publish Scientific Research and Press Releases; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 7: Aliens, Abductions, and UFOs; Life Outside of Earth; Aliens Throughout History; Betty and Barney Hill's Abduction; Critical Thinking About Abduction Claims; Ancient Aliens and Modern Crashes; Conclusions; Questions for Reflection; References; Chapter 8: Psychic Powers and Talking to the Dead; Types of Psychic Powers; PSI Research and the Rise of Parapsychology 327 $aCritically Examining PSI Positive Research 606 $aCritical thinking 606 $aPseudoscience 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aCritical thinking. 615 0$aPseudoscience. 676 $a153.4/2 700 $aLack$b Caleb W.$f1978-$01032224 702 $aRousseau$b Jacques 702 $aHale$b Nancy 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465970103321 996 $aCritical thinking, science, and pseudoscience$92449994 997 $aUNINA