LEADER 06256nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910465849603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-908663-17-0 035 $a(CKB)2560000000102942 035 $a(EBL)3385451 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001011023 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11646842 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001011023 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11003386 035 $a(PQKB)11333917 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3385451 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4967859 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3385451 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10699924 035 $a(OCoLC)842882048 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4967859 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL486974 035 $a(OCoLC)1024276054 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000102942 100 $a20130523d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 13$aAn introduction to LNG bunkering$b[electronic resource] /$fby Nigel Draffin ; foreword by Mogens Schrøder Bech 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aOxfordshire $cPublished by Petrospot Ltd.$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (100 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-908663-15-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a""Dedication""; ""Foreword""; ""Preface""; ""About the author""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Contents""; ""List of Tables and Figures ""; ""Figure 1. A lean burn gas engine""; ""Figure 2. Low pressure gas injection""; ""(Photograph courtesy of Wertsile Corporation)""; ""Figure 3. High pressure gas injection""; ""(Photograph courtesy of Wertsile Corporation)""; ""Figure 4. Principle of LU/DF register burner"" 327 $a""Figure 5. An illustration of how the top layer becomes heavier and the bottom level lighter. When the equilibrium point is passed, the bottom layer will try to move very quickly to the top""""Figure 6. As the upper layer gets heavier, the lower level gets lighter until..!""; ""Figure 7. As the rupture decreases the internal pressure, the liquid in the container starts to evaporate very rapidly and the volume of gas then overcomes any relief valve capacity""; ""Figure 8. Sea NG's patented Coselle for carrying CNG on ships""; ""Figure 9. LNG fuel tank on board the MF Boknafjord"" 327 $a""(Photograph courtesy of Multi Maritime Ship Design & Engineering)""""Figure 10. Containerised Type C tanks""; ""(Photograph courtesy of Marine Service GmbH)""; ""Figure 11. Bi-lobe Type C tank design""; ""(Image courtesy of TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH)""; ""Figure 12. Small LNG carrier loading at Zeebrugge""; ""(Photograph courtesy of TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH)""; ""Figure 13. Halhjem ferry terminal in Norway""; ""Figure 14. Wertsile LNG Pac fuel system diagram""; ""(Diagram courtesy of Wertsile Corporation)""; ""Figure 15. Wertsile gas valve unit "" 327 $a""(Photograph courtesy of Wertsile Corporation)""""Figure 16. Rolls-Royce Bergen 35:40 gas engine""; ""(This photograph is reproduced with the permission of Rolls-Royce plc, copyright Rolls-Royce plc 2012)""; ""Figure 17. Wertsile 50DF engine""; ""(Photograph courtesy of Wertsile Corporation)""; ""Figure 18. MW-GI engine""; ""(Photograph courtesy of MAN Diesel & Turbo)""; ""Figure 19. Saacke Type GCU 300""; ""(Diagram courtesy of Saacke GmbH)""; ""Figure 20. Re-Liquefaction process""; ""Figure 21. Hamworthy Wertsile re-liquefaction system"" 327 $a""(Diagram courtesy of Wertsile Corporation)""""Figure 22. Concept LNG barge from Veka Group ""; ""(Image courtesy of Veka Group)""; ""Figure 23. Gasnor LNG delivery""; ""(Photograph courtesy of Gasnor)""; ""Figure 24. LNG bunker flow boom concept from TGE""; ""(Photograph courtesy of TGE Marine Gas Engineering GmbH)""; ""Figure 25. General arrangement of shore and ship LNG transfer schematic""; ""Figure 26. Gassing up with methane and cooling down the shore line with LNG""; ""Figure 27. Cooling down the shore pump with LNG by circulating LNG back to the shore tank"" 327 $a""Figure 28. Purging the ship-to-shore connections with nitrogen"" 330 $aLiquefied natural gas is poised to become a viable and widely used marine fuel. As port authorities and ship owners work together on the creation of bunkering infrastructures, and stringent environmental regulations limit the use of high sulphur fuels, there is a clear global impetus for making the switch to LNG.In An Introduction to LNG Bunkering, industry expert Nigel Draffin answers the key questions about LNG bunker fuel in his usual informative and lucid style. He looks at the properties of methane, gas and dual fuel engines, tank design, fuel and safety systems, as well as onboard and onshore storage and safety issues. Potential problem areas in the use of LNG, such as weathering, sloshing and methane slip, are flagged up and clearly analysed.Draffin takes a close and informed look at bunkering procedures, including delivery methods, transfer equipment, connections, and loading operations. He also reviews the on-going work of maritime organisations, such as the International Maritime Organization, in codifying LNG bunkering operations. He looks at the current LNG-fuelled fleet and outlines future trends in the use of LNG-fuelled vessels. Most importantly, as the price of conventional marine fuels remains at high levels, he addresses the complex issue of pricing LNG as a bunker fuel.As the global shipping industry begins to see LNG as a 'conventional' rather than an 'alternative' fuel, An Introduction to LNG Bunkering goes a long way to filling the 'knowledge gap' which still exists across the maritime sector. It is an invaluable primer on its subject and should be read by everyone who wants keep ahead of the curve in the sale, provision, handling and analysis of marine fuels. 606 $aShips$xFuel 606 $aPetroleum as fuel 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aShips$xFuel. 615 0$aPetroleum as fuel. 700 $aDraffin$b Nigel$0859167 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465849603321 996 $aAn introduction to LNG bunkering$92471483 997 $aUNINA