LEADER 04130nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910465473803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-19-535857-0 010 $a1-280-52729-3 010 $a1-4294-0652-6 035 $a(CKB)2560000000294304 035 $a(EBL)273157 035 $a(OCoLC)476014992 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000226726 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11211385 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000226726 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10262970 035 $a(PQKB)11636018 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000024653 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC273157 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL273157 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10279160 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL52729 035 $a(OCoLC)935260967 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000294304 100 $a19940315d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe press in the Arab Middle East$b[electronic resource] $ea history /$fAmi Ayalon ; in cooperation with the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African studies 210 $aNew York $cOxford University Press$d1995 215 $a1 online resource (315 p.) 225 1 $aStudies in Middle Eastern history 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-19-508780-1 311 $a0-19-985451-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 275-287) and index. 327 $aContents; Abbreviations; Introduction; I: HISTORICAL PHASES; 1. State Bulletins: Pronouncing the Official Truth; ""Egyptian Events""; The Official Ottoman Press; 2. Enthusiastic Beginnings: The Private Press, 1855-1882; The Private Press in Lebanon; Egypt: The Focus Moves West; Europe, the Convenient Refuge; 3. The Private Press, 1882-1918; Egypt, the Capital of Arab Journalism; The Fertile Crescent and the Hejaz: Beginnings; Wartime Exigencies; 4. The Arab States and the Press, 1918-1945; Egypt; Syria and Lebanon; Iraq; Palestine 327 $aThe Journalistic Periphery: Transjordan and the Arabian Peninsula The End of an Era; II: ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT; 5. Press, State, and the Question of Freedom; State and Press: The Stick and the Carrot; Journalists and Freedom; 6. The Reader; Cultural Determinants; Circulation; Popular Exposure to the Press; Press and Readership; 7. Cultural Legacy and the Challenge of the Press; Printing and the Guardians of Old Values; Newspapers and Traditional Literary Norms; The Vocabulary of the Press; 8. The Economic Angle: The Press as Merchandise and as Enterprise; The Press as Merchandise 327 $aThe Press as Enterprise: Starting UpSources of Income: Advertising; Sources of Income: Circulation; Sources of Income: Subsidization; 9. The Craft of the Arab Journalist; Lure and Frustration; Toward Professionalism; Kurd 'Ali, Yusuf, Musa, Istanbuli; Conclusion; Notes; References; Index; 330 $aNewspapers and the practice of journalism began in the Middle East in the nineteenth century and evolved during a period of accelerated sociopolitical and cultural change. Inspired by a foreign model, the Arab press developed in its own way, in terms of its political and social roles, cultural function, and the public image of those who engaged in it. Ami Ayalon draws on a broad array of primary sources--a century of Arabic newspapers, biographies and memoirs of Arab journalists and politicians, and archival material--as well as a large body of published studies, to portray the remarkablevitali 410 0$aStudies in Middle Eastern history (New York, N.Y.) 606 $aPress$zArab countries$xHistory 606 $aJournalism$zArab countries$xHistory 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPress$xHistory. 615 0$aJournalism$xHistory. 676 $a079 700 $aAyalon$b Ami$0658441 712 02$aMerkaz Dayan le-h?ek?er ha-Mizrah? ha-Tikhon v?e-Afrik?ah (Universit?at Tel-Aviv) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465473803321 996 $aThe press in the Arab Middle East$92085704 997 $aUNINA