LEADER 04130nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910465473803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-19-535857-0 010 $a1-280-52729-3 010 $a1-4294-0652-6 035 $a(CKB)2560000000294304 035 $a(EBL)273157 035 $a(OCoLC)476014992 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000226726 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11211385 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000226726 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10262970 035 $a(PQKB)11636018 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000024653 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC273157 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL273157 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10279160 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL52729 035 $a(OCoLC)935260967 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000294304 100 $a19940315d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe press in the Arab Middle East$b[electronic resource] $ea history /$fAmi Ayalon ; in cooperation with the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African studies 210 $aNew York $cOxford University Press$d1995 215 $a1 online resource (315 p.) 225 1 $aStudies in Middle Eastern history 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-19-508780-1 311 $a0-19-985451-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 275-287) and index. 327 $aContents; Abbreviations; Introduction; I: HISTORICAL PHASES; 1. State Bulletins: Pronouncing the Official Truth; ""Egyptian Events""; The Official Ottoman Press; 2. Enthusiastic Beginnings: The Private Press, 1855-1882; The Private Press in Lebanon; Egypt: The Focus Moves West; Europe, the Convenient Refuge; 3. The Private Press, 1882-1918; Egypt, the Capital of Arab Journalism; The Fertile Crescent and the Hejaz: Beginnings; Wartime Exigencies; 4. The Arab States and the Press, 1918-1945; Egypt; Syria and Lebanon; Iraq; Palestine 327 $aThe Journalistic Periphery: Transjordan and the Arabian Peninsula The End of an Era; II: ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT; 5. Press, State, and the Question of Freedom; State and Press: The Stick and the Carrot; Journalists and Freedom; 6. The Reader; Cultural Determinants; Circulation; Popular Exposure to the Press; Press and Readership; 7. Cultural Legacy and the Challenge of the Press; Printing and the Guardians of Old Values; Newspapers and Traditional Literary Norms; The Vocabulary of the Press; 8. The Economic Angle: The Press as Merchandise and as Enterprise; The Press as Merchandise 327 $aThe Press as Enterprise: Starting UpSources of Income: Advertising; Sources of Income: Circulation; Sources of Income: Subsidization; 9. The Craft of the Arab Journalist; Lure and Frustration; Toward Professionalism; Kurd 'Ali, Yusuf, Musa, Istanbuli; Conclusion; Notes; References; Index; 330 $aNewspapers and the practice of journalism began in the Middle East in the nineteenth century and evolved during a period of accelerated sociopolitical and cultural change. Inspired by a foreign model, the Arab press developed in its own way, in terms of its political and social roles, cultural function, and the public image of those who engaged in it. Ami Ayalon draws on a broad array of primary sources--a century of Arabic newspapers, biographies and memoirs of Arab journalists and politicians, and archival material--as well as a large body of published studies, to portray the remarkablevitali 410 0$aStudies in Middle Eastern history (New York, N.Y.) 606 $aPress$zArab countries$xHistory 606 $aJournalism$zArab countries$xHistory 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPress$xHistory. 615 0$aJournalism$xHistory. 676 $a079 700 $aAyalon$b Ami$0658441 712 02$aMerkaz Dayan le-h?ek?er ha-Mizrah? ha-Tikhon v?e-Afrik?ah (Universit?at Tel-Aviv) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910465473803321 996 $aThe press in the Arab Middle East$92085704 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03293nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910789973003321 005 20230801221900.0 010 $a0-643-10484-4 010 $a1-280-12848-8 010 $a9786613532367 010 $a0-643-10483-6 035 $a(CKB)2670000000155440 035 $a(EBL)865051 035 $a(OCoLC)753561205 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000635355 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12197686 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000635355 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10652549 035 $a(PQKB)10954817 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL865051 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10619879 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL353236 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC865051 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000155440 100 $a20121114d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aFlammable Australia$b[electronic resource] $efire regimes, biodiversity and ecosystems in a changing world /$fRoss A. Bradstock, A. Malcolm Gill, Richard J. Williams 210 $aCollingwood, Vic. $cCSIRO Pub.$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (345 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-643-10482-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Contents; Preface; List of reviewers; List of contributors; Evolution and prehistory; 1 The prehistory of fire in Australasia; 2 Fire regimes and the evolution of the Australian biota; Processes; 3 Fuel, fire weather and fire behaviour in Australian ecosystems; 4 Measuring and monitoring of contemporary fire regimes in Australia using satellite remote sensing; 5 Functional traits: their roles in understanding and predicting biotic responses to fire regimes from individuals to landscapes; 6 Fire regimes and soil-based ecological processes: implications for biodiversity 327 $a7 Global change and fire regimes in AustraliaEcosystems; 8 Fire regimes in Australian tropical savanna: perspectives, paradigms and paradoxes; 9 Fire regimes in arid hummock grasslands and Acacia shrublands; 10 Fire regimes in Australian sclerophyllous shrubby ecosystems: heathlands, heathy woodlands and mallee woodlands; 11 Bushfires and biodiversity in southern Australian forests; 12 How do fire regimes affect ecosystem structure, function and diversity in grasslands and grassy woodlands of southern Australia?; New challenges; 13 Fire regimes and carbon in Australian vegetation 327 $a14 A revolution in northern Australian fire management: recognition of Indigenous knowledge, practice and management15 Future fire regimes of Australian ecosystems: new perspectives on enduring questions of management; Index 330 $aLeading researchers give an overview of the field of fire ecology in Australia. 606 $aFire ecology$zAustralia 615 0$aFire ecology 676 $a333.720994 676 $a577.240994 676 $a577.340994 700 $aBradstock$b Ross A$01566225 701 $aGill$b A. Malcolm$01566226 701 $aWilliams$b Richard J.$f1955-$0143573 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910789973003321 996 $aFlammable Australia$93836593 997 $aUNINA