LEADER 05365nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910464861603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-19-966517-6 010 $a0-19-152634-7 010 $a1-281-16083-0 010 $a9786611160838 010 $a1-4294-9267-8 035 $a(CKB)2560000000298343 035 $a(EBL)415743 035 $a(OCoLC)476244652 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000241522 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11191933 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000241522 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10298847 035 $a(PQKB)11399445 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000072520 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC415743 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL415743 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10271599 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL116083 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000298343 100 $a20061129d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aScale-free networks$b[electronic resource] $ecomplex webs in nature and technology /$fGuido Caldarelli 210 $aOxford $cOxford University Press$d2007 215 $a1 online resource (324 p.) 225 1 $aOxford Finance Series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-19-921151-5 311 $a0-19-170598-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; I: DEFINITIONS AND METHODOLOGY; 1. Introduction to graphs; 1.1 Graphs, directed graphs, and weighted graphs; 1.2 Trees; 1.3 Vertex correlation, assortativity; 1.4 Hierarchical properties of graphs; 1.5 The properties of scale-free networks; 2. Graph structures: communities; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Typical subgraphs, motifs; 2.3 Classes of vertices; 2.4 Centrality measures, betweenness, and robustness; 2.5 Clustering detection, modularity; 2.6 Communities in graphs; 3. Scale-invariance; 3.1 Geometrical scale-invariance: fractals; 3.2 Measuring the fractal dimension 327 $a3.3 Scale-invariance and power laws3.4 Plotting a power law; 3.5 Scale-invariance in natural sciences; 3.6 Scale-invariance in economics and in social sciences; 4. The origin of power-law functions; 4.1 Random walk, Laplace equation, and fractals; 4.2 Power laws from minimization principles; 4.3 Multiplicative processes and normal distribution; 4.4 Preferential attachment, the Matthew effect; 5. Graph generating models; 5.1 Random graph model; 5.2 The small-world model; 5.3 The Baraba?si-Albert model; 5.4 Modifications to the Baraba?si-Albert model; 5.5 Copying models; 5.6 Fitness based model 327 $a5.7 Graph from optimization principlesII: EXAMPLES; 6. Networks in the cell; 6.1 Basic cell biology; 6.2 Protein-protein interaction network; 6.3 Metabolic pathways; 6.4 Gene regulatory networks; 7. Geophysical networks; 7.1 Satellite images and digital elevation models; 7.2 Geometrical scale invariance for river networks; 7.3 Scaling relations for river networks; 7.4 River networks models; 7.5 River networks on Mars' surface; 8. Ecological networks; 8.1 Species and evolution; 8.2 Food webs: a very particular case of network; 8.3 Food web quantities; 8.4 Classifications of species 327 $a8.5 Yule process for taxonomies9. Technological networks: Internet and WWW; 9.1 The Internet protocols; 9.2 The geography of the Internet; 9.3 The autonomous systems; 9.4 The scale-invariance in the Internet; 9.5 The World Wide Web; 9.6 Searching the web; 9.7 Statistical measures of the Web; 9.8 E-mail networks; 10. Social and cognitive networks; 10.1 Networks of scientific papers; 10.2 Contact networks; 10.3 Linguistic networks; 10.4 Wikipedia; 11. Financial networks; 11.1 Board of directors; 11.2 Stock networks; 11.3 Bank networks; 11.4 The world trade web; III: APPENDICES; A. Glossary; A 327 $aBC; D; E; F; G; H; I; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; V; W; B. Graph quantities; B.1 Basics; B.2 Different kinds of graphs; B.3 Paths, cycles, and trees; C. Basic statistics; C.1 Events and probability; C.2 Probability densities and distributions; C.3 Working with statistical distributions; C.4 Statistical properties of weighted networks; D. Matrices and eigenvectors; E. Population dynamics; E.1 Population dynamics; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; V; W; Y; Z 330 $aMany different systems both in nature and in technology can be described by means of networks of interconnected components. Despite their different aspects, all of them share similar mathematical properties. In this book we explain how to recognize these features and why these different systems develop this common structure. - ;A variety of different social, natural and technological systems can be described by the same mathematical framework. This holds from the Internet to food webs and to boards of company directors. In all these situations a graph of the elements of the system and their in 410 0$aOxford Finance Series 606 $aSystem analysis 606 $aSystem theory 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aSystem analysis. 615 0$aSystem theory. 676 $a003 700 $aCaldarelli$b Guido$0310392 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910464861603321 996 $aScale-free networks$91749546 997 $aUNINA