LEADER 02840nam 2200625 450 001 9910464435903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-9909-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000088620 035 $a(EBL)1644028 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001108380 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11775171 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001108380 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11085800 035 $a(PQKB)11425287 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1644028 035 $a(DLC) 2014006262 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1644028 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10837871 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL577787 035 $a(OCoLC)871781525 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000088620 100 $a20140226h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aThe inverting pyramid $epension systems facing demographic challenges in Europe and Central Asia /$fAnita M. Schwarz, [and seven others] 210 1$aWashington, District of Columbia :$cThe World Bank,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (304 p.) 225 0$aEurope and Central Asia reports 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9908-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aExecutive summary -- The inverting pyramid -- The evolution of public pension programs -- Have the pension reforms to date been enough? -- The role of savings in the provision of retirement income -- Financing pensions in Europe and Central Asia -- Working more, longer, and more productively -- Lessons from two decades of pension reform and policy solutions for the future. 330 $aEurope's pension systems -among the most celebrated features of its social welfare model- face tremendous challenges. With only 11 percent of the world's population, Europe spends about 60 percent of global outlays on social protection, largely in pensions. In many countries, pension rules have encouraged people to retire sooner, while enjoying longer lives. Payroll taxes on a continuously expanding contributory base have financed these benefits. This model of pension provision is now being severely tested as pension systems reach maturity, while the population is aging and the labor force is 410 0$aEurope and Central Asia Reports 606 $aPensions$zEurope 606 $aPensions$zAsia, Central 607 $aEurope$xPopulation 607 $aAsia, Central$xPopulation 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPensions 615 0$aPensions 676 $a331.25/2094 701 $aSchwarz$b Anita Mahesh$f1957-$0865252 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910464435903321 996 $aThe inverting pyramid$91931169 997 $aUNINA