LEADER 04731nam 2200733 a 450 001 9910464122203321 005 20220104220041.0 010 $a1-283-89689-3 010 $a0-8122-0463-8 010 $a9780812204636$b(electronic bk.) 024 7 $a10.9783/9780812204636 035 $a(CKB)3240000000064706 035 $a(OCoLC)794925519 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10641593 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000606390 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11390916 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000606390 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10581341 035 $a(PQKB)10943725 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3441758 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse8291 035 $a(DE-B1597)449370 035 $a(OCoLC)979622868 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780812204636 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3441758 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10641593 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL420939 035 $a(EXLCZ)993240000000064706 100 $a20100611d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cn$2rdamedia 183 $anc$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Gibraltar crusade $eCastile and the battle for the Strait /$fJoseph F. O'Callaghan 210 $aPhiladelphia $cUniversity of Pennsylvania Press$dc2011 215 $a1 online resource (viii, 376 pages) $cillustrations, map 225 1 $aThe Middle Ages series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8122-2302-0 311 $a0-8122-4302-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [271]-364) and index. 327 $aSpain and the Strait of Gibraltar -- Alfonso X's African crusade -- The crusade against the Mude?jars -- The crusade against the Marinids -- Sancho IV and the conquest of Tarifa -- The crusades of Gibraltar, Almaeri?a, and Algeciras -- The early crusades of Alfonso XI's reign -- The loss of Gibraltar and the crusade of Salado -- The crusade of Algeciras and Gibraltar -- Waging the crusade of Gibraltar -- The aftermath : the Strait of Gibraltar to 1492. 330 $aThe epic battle for control of the Strait of Gibraltar waged by Castile, Morocco, and Granada in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries is a major, but often overlooked, chapter in the history of the Christian reconquest of Spain. After the Castilian conquest of Seville in 1248 and the submission of the Muslim kingdom of Granada as a vassal state, the Moors no longer loomed as a threat and the reconquest seemed to be over. Still, in the following century, the Castilian kings, prompted by ideology and strategy, attempted to dominate the Strait. As self-proclaimed heirs of the Visigoths, they aspired not only to reconstitute the Visigothic kingdom by expelling the Muslims from Spain but also to conquer Morocco as part of the Visigothic legacy. As successive bands of Muslims over the centuries had crossed the Strait from Morocco into Spain, the kings of Castile recognized the strategic importance of securing Algeciras, Gibraltar, and Tarifa, the ports long used by the invaders.At a time when European enthusiasm for the crusade to the Holy Land was on the wane, the Christian struggle for the Strait received the character of a crusade as papal bulls conferred the crusading indulgence as well as ancillary benefits. The Gibraltar Crusade had mixed results. Although the Castilians seized Gibraltar in 1309 and Algeciras in 1344, the Moors eventually repossessed them. Only Tarifa, captured in 1292, remained in Castilian hands. Nevertheless, the power of the Marinid dynasty of Morocco was broken at the battle of Salado in 1340, and for the remainder of the Middle Ages Spain was relieved of the threat of Moroccan invasion. While the reconquest remained dormant during the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, Ferdinand and Isabella conquered Granada, the last Muslim outpost in Spain, in 1492. In subsequent years Castile fulfilled its earlier aspirations by establishing a foothold in Morocco. 410 0$aMiddle Ages series. 606 $aCrusades$y13th-15th centuries 607 $aGranada (Spain : Reino)$xHistory, Military 607 $aGibraltar, Strait of$xStrategic aspects 607 $aGibraltar, Strait of$xHistory, Military 607 $aCastile (Spain)$xHistory, Military 607 $aSpain$xHistory$y711-1516 607 $aMorocco$xHistory, Military 607 $aGranada (Kingdom)$xHistory, Military 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aCrusades 676 $a946/.02 700 $aO'Callaghan$b Joseph F$0161955 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910464122203321 996 $aThe Gibraltar crusade$92464419 997 $aUNINA