LEADER 04221nam 2200613 450 001 9910464060703321 005 20220204195525.0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000617923 035 $a(EBL)2055700 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001481446 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11978984 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001481446 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11517953 035 $a(PQKB)10571808 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2055700 035 $a(OCoLC)910160003 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse47977 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL2055700 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11056944 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL788128 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000617923 100 $a20150601h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Biko's ghost $ethe iconography of black consciousness /$fShannen L. Hill 210 1$aMinneapolis, Minnesota ;$aLondon, [England] :$cUniversity of Minnesota Press,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (415 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8166-7637-2 311 $a1-4529-4430-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aMachine generated contents note: Contents Abbreviations -- Introduction: Let's Talk about Consciousness -- 1. Shaping Modern Black Culture in the 1970's -- 2. Of Icons and Inquests: "Steve Biko, God Be with You, BPC" -- 3. Contemplating Death: Artists and Abjection -- 4. Creating a Culture of Resistance -- 5. Silencing the Censors: Black Consciousness between the Lines in the 1980's -- 6. Transitions and Truths in a New Democracy -- 7. Museum, Monument, Marking: Black Consciousness in the New Millennium -- Epilogue: "After Such a Long Time His Life Is Still Dug Out" -- Acknowledgments: I Write What I Must -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 $a""When you say, 'Black is Beautiful,' what in fact you are saying. is: Man, you are okay as you are; begin to look upon yourself as a human being." With such statements, Stephen Biko became the voice of Black Consciousness. And with Biko's brutal death in the custody of the South African police, he became a martyr, an enduring symbol of the horrors of apartheid. Through the lens of visual culture, Biko's Ghost reveals how the man and the ideology he promoted have profoundly influenced liberation politics and race discourse--in South Africa and around the globe--ever since. Tracing the linked histories of Black Consciousness and its most famous proponent, Biko's Ghost explores the concepts of unity, ancestry, and action that lie at the heart of the ideology and the man. It challenges the dominant historical view of Black Consciousness as ineffectual or racially exclusive, suppressed on the one side by the apartheid regime and on the other by the African National Congress. Engaging theories of trauma and representation, and icon and ideology, Shannen L. Hill considers the martyred Biko as an embattled icon, his image portrayals assuming different shapes and political meanings in different hands. So, too, does she illuminate how Black Consciousness worked behind the scenes throughout the 1980's, a decade of heightened popular unrest and state censorship. She shows how--in streams of imagery that continue to multiply nearly forty years on--Biko's visage and the ongoing life of Black Consciousness served as instruments through which artists could combat the abuses of apartheid and unsettle the "rainbow nation" that followed. "--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aBlack people in art 606 $aBlack people in popular culture$xRace relations 606 $aArt and social action$xRace relations 607 $aSouth Africa$xRace relations 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aBlack people in art. 615 0$aBlack people in popular culture$xRace relations. 615 0$aArt and social action$xRace relations. 676 $a704.9/49305896 700 $aHill$b Shannen L.$f1964-$01035922 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910464060703321 996 $aThe Biko's ghost$92455887 997 $aUNINA