LEADER 03472nam 2200661 450 001 9910464009803321 005 20181114221844.0 010 $a1-4623-8910-4 010 $a1-4527-7027-1 010 $a1-282-84056-8 010 $a9786612840562 010 $a1-4518-6962-2 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055012 035 $a(EBL)1607849 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001488371 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11805053 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001488371 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11430473 035 $a(PQKB)11542031 035 $a(OCoLC)815737074 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607849 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055012 100 $a20140227h20082008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aWelfare gains of aid indexation in small open economies /$fAnubha Dhasmana ; authorized for distribution by Andrew Berg 210 1$a[Washington, District of Columbia] :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 210 4$d©2008 215 $a1 online resource (40 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/101 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1416-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Primary Commodity Exports and Price Volatility; III. The Benchmark Model; IV. Model Calibration and Comparative Statics; V. Dynamics; VI. Results; VII. Conclusion; Figures; 1. Resource flow as a percentage of GDP; Tables; 1. Dynamic behavior of Aid; 2. Share of the leading primary commodity export (97-99); 3. Share of the Top Three Primary Commodities, (1997-99); 4. Instability indices of prices of major primary commodities during 1957-1999; 2. Steady state values; 3. Sensitivity analysis; 6. Welfare cost under alternative model specifications 327 $a7. Welfare gains from indexed Aid 4. Stationary capital distribution; 8. Welfare gains from indexed Aid; 9. Welfare gains from indexed Aid; References; References 330 $aForeign aid flows to poor, aid-dependent economies are highly volatile and pro-cyclical. Shortfalls in aid coincide with shortfalls in GDP and government revenues. This increases the consumption volatility in aid dependent countries, thereby causing substantial welfare losses. This paper finds that indexing aid flows to exogenous shocks like a change in the terms of trade can significantly improve the welfare of aid-dependent country by lowering its output and consumption volatility. Compared to the benchmark specification with stochastic aid flows, indexation of aid flows to terms of trade 410 0$aIMF Working Papers 606 $aEconomic assistance$zDeveloping countries$xEconometric models 606 $aEconomic development$zDeveloping countries$xEconometric models 606 $aBusiness cycles$zDeveloping countries$xEconometric models 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEconomic assistance$xEconometric models. 615 0$aEconomic development$xEconometric models. 615 0$aBusiness cycles$xEconometric models. 676 $a338.91 700 $aDhasmana$b Anubha$0872384 701 $aBerg$b Andrew$0861129 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910464009803321 996 $aWelfare gains of aid indexation in small open economies$92273589 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05182nam 22006135 450 001 9910300030403321 005 20240724094843.0 010 $a9783319782263 010 $a3319782266 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-78226-3 035 $a(CKB)4100000005471785 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5484289 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-78226-3 035 $a(Perlego)3493888 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000005471785 100 $a20180731d2018 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aBritish Women's Writing from Brontė to Bloomsbury, Volume 1 $e1840s and 1850s /$fedited by Adrienne E. Gavin, Carolyn W. de la L. Oulton 205 $a1st ed. 2018. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (293 pages) 225 1 $aBritish Women's Writing from Brontė to Bloomsbury, 1840-1940,$x2523-7179 ;$v1 311 08$a9783319782256 311 08$a3319782258 327 $a1. Introduction: Adrienne E. Gavin and Carolyn W. de la L. Oulton -- 2. 'Pleasant, easy work, -& not useless, I hope': Harriet Martineau as a Children's Writer of the 1840s: Valerie Sanders -- 3. 'Powerful beyond all question': Catherine Crowe's Novels of the 1840s: Ruth Heholt -- 4. Women in Service: Private Lives and Labour in Mary Howitt's Work and Wages: Erin D. Chamberlain -- 5. Confronting the 1840s: Christian Johnstone in Criticism and Fiction: Joanne Wilkes -- 6. Jane Eyre, Orphan Governess: Narrating Victorian Vulnerability and Social Change: Tamara S. Wagner -- 7. 'I was in the condition of mind to be shocked at nothing': Losing the Plot in Wuthering Heights: Carolyn W. de la L. Oulton -- 8. Anne Brontė: An Unlikely Subversive: Kristin A. Le Veness -- 9. The Female Voice and Industrial Fiction: Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton: Carolyn Lambert -- 10. The Age of the Female Novelist: Single Women as Writers of Fiction: Sharon Connor -- 11. 'Excluded from a woman's natural destiny': Disability and Femininity in Dinah Mulock's Olive and Charlotte M. Yonge's The Daisy Chain: Clare Walker Gore -- 12. 'The eatables were of the slightest description': Consumption and Consumerism in Cranford: Anne Longmuir -- 13.'There never was a mistress whose rule was milder': Sadomasochism and Female Identity in Charlotte Brontė's Villette: Abigail Boucher -- 14. Cultivating King Arthur: Women Writers and Arthurian Romance in the 1850s: Katie Garner -- 15. '[T]he work of a she-devil': Sensation Fiction, Crime Writing, and Caroline Clive's Paul Ferroll: Adrienne E. Gavin -- 16. '[Your novel] quite gives me a pain in the stomach': How Paternal Disapproval Ended Julia Wedgwood's Promising Career as a Novelist: Sue Brown -- 17. Adam Bede and 'the green trash of the railway stall': George Eliot and the Lady Novelists of 1859: Gail Marshall. 330 $aThis five-volume series, British Women's Writing From Brontė to Bloomsbury, 1840-1940, historically contextualizes and traces developments in women's fiction from 1840 to 1940. Critically assessing both canonical and lesser-known British women's writing decade by decade, it redefines the landscape of women's authorship across a century of dynamic social and cultural change. With each of its volumes devoted to two decades, the series is wide in scope but historically sharply defined. Volume 1: 1840s and 1850s inaugurates the series by historically and culturally contextualizing Victorian women's writing distinctly within the 1840s and 1850s. Using a range of critical perspectives including political and literary history, feminist approaches, disability studies, and the history of reading, the volume's 16 original essays consider such developments as the construction of a post-Romantic tradition, the politicization of the domestic sphere, and the development of crime and sensation writing. Centrally, it reassesses key mid-nineteenth-century female authors in the context in which they first published while also recovering neglected women writers who helped to shape the literary landscape of the 1840s and 1850s. 410 0$aBritish Women's Writing from Brontė to Bloomsbury, 1840-1940,$x2523-7179 ;$v1 606 $aLiterature, Modern$y19th century 606 $aFiction 606 $aPoetry 606 $aEuropean literature 606 $aNineteenth-Century Literature 606 $aFiction Literature 606 $aPoetry and Poetics 606 $aEuropean Literature 615 0$aLiterature, Modern 615 0$aFiction. 615 0$aPoetry. 615 0$aEuropean literature. 615 14$aNineteenth-Century Literature. 615 24$aFiction Literature. 615 24$aPoetry and Poetics. 615 24$aEuropean Literature. 676 $a820.99287 702 $aGavin$b Adrienne E$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $ade la L. Oulton$b Carolyn W$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910300030403321 996 $aBritish Women's Writing from Brontė to Bloomsbury, Volume 1$92188568 997 $aUNINA