LEADER 04918nam 2200685 450 001 9910464001903321 005 20170815101906.0 010 $a1-4623-8203-7 010 $a1-4527-1175-5 010 $a9786612840937 010 $a1-282-84093-2 010 $a1-4518-7000-0 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055039 035 $a(EBL)1607891 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000943996 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11564341 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943996 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10982913 035 $a(PQKB)10577213 035 $a(OCoLC)252871863 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607891 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055039 100 $a20140225h20082008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aConstraints on the design and implementation of monetary policy in oil economies $ethe case of Venezuela /$fMercedes da Costa and Vi?ctor Olivo 210 1$a[Washington, District of Columbia] :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 210 4$dİ2008 215 $a1 online resource (49 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/142 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1453-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Fiscal Dominance in Oil Economies; A. Oil Dominance and Fiscal Dominance: Analytical Framework; B. Transmission Mechanism; III. Oil Economies: Some Stylized Facts; Tables; 1. Exchange Rate and Nominal Anchor for Major OCD in 2005; Figures; 1. OEC: Average Rate of Nominal Growth of Monetary Base and Changes in Oil Prices; 2. OEC: Primary Balance of the General Government; 3. Change in the CPI-OEC and Oil Prices, 1979-2005; IV. Oil Dominance in Venezuela; 4. Selected OEC: Average ?% Change in the CPI, 1999-2005 Ranked by Xo/XT 327 $a5. Oil Prices (/B- Venezuelan Basket), and Ratio Xo/XT, 960-20056. Venezuela: Oil in the Economy; 2. Venezuela: Selected Indicators; 7. Venezuela: Rates of Growth of Real GDP, CPI, and Oil Prices; 3. Venezuela: Exchange Rate System, 1964-2007; 8. Venezuela: Ratios of Central Bank Instruments of Monetary Control (CBIMC); A. Oil Dominance/Fiscal Dominance: Simple Correlations; B. Oil Dominance/Fiscal Dominance Hypothesis for Venezuela; V. Conclusions; Appendices; I. Oil Exporting Countries-Selected Indicators; Appendix Tables 327 $aA.I.1. Classification and Evluation of Oil Exporting Countries, based on the Ratio of Oil Exports to GDPA.I.2. Oil Exporting Countries: Selected Indicators; A.I.3. Oil Exporting Countries: Selected Indicators; A.I.4. Oil Exporting Countries: Selected Indicators; II. Management of Oil Resources: Oil Funds and International Reserves; A.II.1. Venezuela: Macroeconomic Stabilization Fund (FEM and Investment Fund for Macroeconomic Stabilization (FIEM); A.II.2. Central Bank of Venezuela-Balance Sheet; III. Descriptive Statistics and Pair-Wise Correlations for Selected Economic Indicators 327 $aAppendix FiguresA.III.1. Venezuela: Changes in Oil Prices, Oil Exports, Fiscal Revenue, and Primary Expenditures, 1960-2005; A.III.2. Venezuela: Change in Primary Fiscal Expenditure, Non-Oil GDP Inflation, and Monetary Base, 1960-2005; A.III.3. Venezuela: Five-Year Moving Variences of Rates of Growth of Selected Indicators, 1965-2005; A.III.4. Venezuela: Overall Fiscal Balance and Domestic Primary Deficit (Percentage of GDP); References 330 $aBy definition, fiscal dominance impedes the effective implementation of any monetary strategy aimed at controlling inflation. Economies that exhibit oil dominance-a situation in which oil exports largely affect the main macroeconomic indicators-may also exhibit fiscal dominance. However, in this case, the standard indicators used to gauge the presence of fiscal dominance may fail to give the appropriate signals. The main purpose of this paper is twofold: i) to present a simple framework to analyze fiscal dominance in oil exporting countries and ii) to test the hypothesis of the presence of oil 410 0$aIMF Working Papers 606 $aPetroleum industry and trade$zVenezuela$xEconometric models 606 $aFiscal policy$zVenezuela$xEconometric models 606 $aMonetary policy$zVenezuela$xEconometric models 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPetroleum industry and trade$xEconometric models. 615 0$aFiscal policy$xEconometric models. 615 0$aMonetary policy$xEconometric models. 676 $a338.272820987 700 $aCosta$b Mercedes da$0861996 701 $aOlivo$b Vi?ctor$0861997 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910464001903321 996 $aConstraints on the design and implementation of monetary policy in oil economies$91924023 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01649oam 2200433 450 001 9910702744003321 005 20141201152512.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002430760 035 $a(OCoLC)644105531$z(OCoLC)605983509$z(OCoLC)777337452 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002430760 100 $a20100626d1987 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe inspectors general of the United States Army, 1777-1903 /$fby David A. Clary and Joseph W.A. Whitehorne 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cOffice of the Inspector General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army :$cFor sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,$d1987. 215 $a1 online resource (xviii, 465 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aCMH pub ;$v70-16 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed Dec. 1, 2014). 300 $aU.S. G.P.O. sales statement incorrect in publication. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 431-450) and index. 606 $aMilitary inspectors general$zUnited States$xHistory 615 0$aMilitary inspectors general$xHistory. 700 $aClary$b David A.$01022848 702 $aWhitehorne$b Joseph W. A.$f1943- 712 02$aCenter of Military History, 712 02$aUnited States.$bArmy.$bOffice of the Inspector General, 801 0$bOCLCE 801 1$bOCLCE 801 2$bOCLCO 801 2$bOCLCQ 801 2$bOCLCF 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910702744003321 996 $aThe inspectors general of the United States Army, 1777-1903$93498079 997 $aUNINA