LEADER 04099nam 2200697 450 001 9910463614003321 005 20200619171227.0 010 $a1-4623-4570-0 010 $a1-4527-7127-8 010 $a1-282-84192-0 010 $a1-4518-7099-X 010 $a9786612841927 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055138 035 $a(EBL)1608053 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000944139 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11559075 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944139 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11000829 035 $a(PQKB)11260447 035 $a(OCoLC)460601526 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608053 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055138 100 $a20140226h20082008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aHousehold income as a determinant of child labor and school enrollment in Brazil $eevidence from a social security reform /$fIrineu Evangelista de Carvalho Filho ; authorized for distribution by Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti 210 1$a[Washington, District of Columbia] :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 210 4$dİ2008 215 $a1 online resource (38 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/241 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1552-7 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Background information about child labor in Brazil; III. Description of the Social Security reform; IV. Data; V. Empirical strategy; A. The Determinants of Children's Schooling and Labor; VI. Results; A. First Stage Estimates; B. Reduced Form Estimates; C. Counterfactual Analysis; D. Structural Estimates; E. Assessing the robustness of the estimates; VII. Causal Effects or Selection Bias?; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables; 1. The Work-School Enrollment Statistics of Children 10-14; 2. Means: Boys; Means: Girls; 3. First Stage Regressions 327 $a4. Reduced Form Estimates5. Panel 1. Actual and Counterfactual Values fo Treated Group, after the Reform; 6. Estimates of the Effect of Monthly Benefits. Coefficient is the Estimated Effect of 100 in Social Security Income; 7. Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Effect of Benefits for Different Subsamples; 8. Reduced Form Estimates. Has the Reform Changed the Percentage of Elderly Coresiding with Children 10 to 14?; Figures; 1. Child Work in Brazil: 1981-1998; 2. School Enrollment in Brazil: 1981-1998 330 $aThis paper studies the effects of household income on labor participation and school enrollment of children aged 10 to 14 in Brazil using a social security reform as a source of exogenous variation in household income. Estimates imply that the gap between actual and full school enrollment was reduced by 20 percent for girls living in the same household as an elderly benefiting from the reform. Girls' labor participation rates reduced with increased benefit income, but only when benefits were received by a female elderly. Effects on boys' enrollment rates and labor participation were in general 410 0$aIMF Working Papers 606 $aIncome$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aChild labor$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aSocial security$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aSchool enrollment$zBrazil$xEconometric models 607 $aBrazil$xEconomic conditions$y1985-$xEconometric models 607 $aBrazil$xSocial conditions$y1985- 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aIncome$xEconometric models. 615 0$aChild labor$xEconometric models. 615 0$aSocial security$xEconometric models. 615 0$aSchool enrollment$xEconometric models. 676 $a339.2 700 $aCarvalho Filho$b Irineu E$g(Irineu Evangelista),$f1971-$0869958 701 $aMilesi-Ferretti$b Gian Maria$0127043 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463614003321 996 $aHousehold income as a determinant of child labor and school enrollment in Brazil$91942259 997 $aUNINA