LEADER 05571nam 2200673 450 001 9910463505203321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-4983-0240-8 010 $a1-4983-0232-7 035 $a(CKB)2670000000574360 035 $a(EBL)1831411 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001398974 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11729890 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001398974 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11449931 035 $a(PQKB)10410679 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1831411 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1831411 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10980869 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL656147 035 $a(OCoLC)894791633 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000574360 100 $a20141121h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aRegional economic outlook, Middle East and Central Asia, October 2014 /$fInternational Monetary Fund 210 1$aWashington, District of Columbia :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (122 p.) 225 1 $aWorld Economic and Financial Surveys 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4983-4373-2 311 $a1-322-24867-2 327 $aCover; Contents; Acknowledgments; Assumptions and Conventions; Country Groupings; World Economic Outlook; MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, AFGHANISTAN, AND PAKISTAN; MENAP Region Highlights; (Omitted); Re?gion MOANAP: Principaux Points; 1. MENAP Oil Exporters: Increasing Diversification, Reducing Reliance on Oil-Funded Spending; Rising 2015 Growth Depends on Improving Security; Figures; 1.1 Growth to Rise on Delayed Non-GCC Recovery; 1.2 Faster Growth Has Not Prompted Higher Inflation; 1.3 MENAP Oil Exporters: Real Effective Exchange Rates; Boxes; 1.1 Economic Implications of the Iraq Conflict 327 $aOil Price Risks Remain Balanced, but Geopolitical Risks Have Risen 1.2 Capital Flows to GCC Countries; Falling Oil Revenues and Rising Government Spending Are Weakening Fiscal Positions; 1.4 Oil Price Uncertainties Increase Vulnerabilities; 1.5 Wages and Capital Raise GCC Government Spending; 1.6 Fiscal Positions Are Weakening; 1.7 High Oil Prices Will Not Save Fiscal Positions; 1.8 Nonhydrocarbon Deficits Are Too High for Intergenerational Equity in Most Countries; 1.9 Oil and Gas Consumption Are Growing; 1.10 Current Account Balances Are Falling 327 $aGrowth from Diversification, Not Rising Oil Prices 1.11 GDP Growth Relies on Rising Oil Prices; 1.12 Signs That Labor Market Reforms Are Bearing Fruit?; 1.13 Public Sector Wage Bills Are High; 2. MENAP Oil Importers: Slow Recovery and Modest Prospects Call for Reform; Fragile Confidence Constrains Recovery; 2.1 Consumption and Investment Drive Contributions to Real GDP Growth; 2.1 Better Protection for the Poor in MENA; 2.2 Exports of Goods and Foreign Direct Investment; 2.3 Risk Premiums Are Declining; 2.4 Real Exchange Rate in MENAP Oil Importers 327 $a2.5 Growth Insufficient to Improve Living Standards 2.2 Impact of Fiscal Measures on Jobs in MENAP Oil-Importing Economies; Downside Risks Are Elevated; Gradually Declining External and Fiscal Vulnerabilities; 2.6 Inflation Pressures Persist; 2.7 Fiscal Deficit and Reserves; 2.8 Change in Revenue and Expenditure; Tables; 2.1 Spending on Energy Subsidies; 2.3 Shifting Patterns in Official External Financing in MENAP Oil Importers; 2.9 Fiscal Financing Needs; 2.10 External Financing Needs; Fiscal, Monetary, and Exchange Rate Policies: Going Beyond Macroeconomic Stability 327 $aLackluster Medium-Term Prospects Structural Transformation to Boost Growth; 2.11 Raising Medium-Term Growth and Job Prospects Requires Structural Reforms; International Support; CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA; CCA Region Highlights; ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???; 3. Caucasus and Central Asia: Increased Risks Highlight Need for Reform; Russia's Slowdown Is Weighing on CCA Economic Activity; 3.1 Real GDP Growth; 3.2 CCA: Real GDP Growth; Risks Are Largely to the Downside; 3.3 Growth Revisions versus Policy Buffers; 3.4 Linkages with Russia; 3.1 Growth Shocks in Russia: Implications for the CCA 327 $aInflation Pressures Call for Effective Monetary Policy Frameworks 330 $aThis issue discusses economic developments in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP), which continue to reflect the diversity of conditions prevailing across the region. Most high-income oil exporters, primarily in the GCC, continue to record steady growth and solid economic and financial fundamentals, albeit with medium-term challenges that need to be addressed. In contrast, other countries-Iraq, Libya, and Syria-are mired in conflicts with not only humanitarian but also economic consequences. And yet other countries, mostly oil importers, are making continued 410 0$aWorld economic and financial surveys. 606 $aEconomic forecasting$zAsia, Central 606 $aEconomic forecasting$zMiddle East 607 $aAsia, Central$xEconomic conditions$y21st century 607 $aAsia, Central$xEconomic conditions$vStatistics 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEconomic forecasting 615 0$aEconomic forecasting 676 $a303.409584 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463505203321 996 $aRegional economic outlook, Middle East and Central Asia, October 2014$92285962 997 $aUNINA