LEADER 05613nam 22006492 450 001 9910463321303321 005 20151005020622.0 010 $a1-107-32655-9 010 $a1-107-23382-8 010 $a1-107-25404-3 010 $a1-107-33631-7 010 $a1-107-33299-0 010 $a1-107-33465-9 010 $a1-139-04724-8 035 $a(CKB)2670000000338682 035 $a(EBL)1139562 035 $a(OCoLC)829459851 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000833643 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11460236 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000833643 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10936475 035 $a(PQKB)10854239 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9781139047241 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1139562 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1139562 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10667773 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL463140 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000338682 100 $a20110304d2013|||| uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aMesoscale-convective processes in the atmosphere /$fRobert J. Trapp$b[electronic resource] 210 1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (viii, 346 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). 311 $a0-521-88942-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Preface; 1 The Atmospheric Mesoscale; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Historical Perspectives; 1.3 Atmospheric-Scale Classification Schemes; 1.4 Mesoscale-Convective Processes; 2 Theoretical Foundations; 2.1 Fundamental Set of Equations; 2.1.1 Equations; 2.1.2 Scale Analysis; 2.1.3 Approximations to the Mass Continuity Equation; 2.1.4 Inclusion of Moisture; 2.1.5 Equations for Water Substance; 2.2 Atmospheric Waves and Oscillations; 2.2.1 Acoustic Waves; 2.2.2 Rossby Waves; 2.2.3 Gravity Waves; 2.3 Instabilities; 2.3.1 Gravitational Instability; 2.3.2 Rayleigh-Be?nard Instability 327 $a2.3.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability2.4 Density Currents; Supplementary Information; 3 Observations and Mesoscale Data Analysis; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 In-Situ Observations; 3.2.1 Surface; 3.2.2 Upper-Air Observations; 3.3 Report-Based Observations of Hazardous Convective Weather; 3.4 Remotely Sensed Observations; 3.4.1 Weather Radar; 3.4.1.1 Overview of Basic Operations; 3.4.1.2 Retrievals from Multiple Doppler Radars; 3.4.1.3 Mobile Radar Systems; 3.4.1.4 Polarimetric Weather Radar; 3.4.1.5 Wind Profilers; 3.4.2 Weather Satellites; 3.4.2.1 Overview of Basic Operations 327 $a3.4.2.2 Radiative Transfer Theory and Satellite Retrievals3.4.2.3 Satellite Applications; 3.5 Observation Networks; 3.6 Data Analysis and Synthesis; 3.6.1 Function Fitting; 3.6.2 Empirical Analysis: Successive Corrections Method; Supplementary Information; 4 Mesoscale Numerical Modeling; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Equations and Numerical Approximations; 4.2.1 Continuous Equations; 4.2.2 Numerical Approximations; 4.3 Parameterizations; 4.3.1 Subgrid Scale Turbulence; 4.3.2 The Land Surface and Atmospheric Boundary Layer; 4.3.3 Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics; 4.3.4 Atmospheric Radiation 327 $a4.3.5 Convective Clouds4.4 Model Design and Implementation; 4.4.1 Initial and Boundary Conditions; 4.4.2 Data Assimilation; 4.4.3 Other Design Issues; Supplementary Information; 5 The Initiation of Deep Convective Clouds; 5.1 Parcel Theory; 5.2 Synoptic-Scale Conditioning of the Convective Environment; 5.3 Mechanisms of Local or Near-Field Mesoscale Lift; 5.3.1 Orographic Lifting; 5.3.2 Horizontal Convective Rolls; 5.3.3 Internal Gravity Wave-HCR Interaction; 5.4 Mesoscale Baroclinic Circulations; 5.4.1 Frontogenesis; 5.4.2 The Dryline; 5.4.3 The Sea-Breeze Front 327 $a5.5 Lifting Mechanisms from Nonlocal Sources5.5.1 Convective-Storm Gust Fronts; 5.5.2 Gravity Waves; 5.5.3 Atmospheric Bores; Supplementary Information; 6 Elemental Convective Processes; 6.1 Overview of the Convective Storm Spectrum; 6.2 Components: Updrafts and Downdrafts; 6.2.1 Updrafts; 6.2.2 Downdrafts; 6.3 Convective Outflow; 6.4 Unicellular Convective Storms; 6.5 Multicellular Convective Storms; Supplementary Information; 7 Supercells; 7.1 Characteristics of Supercell Thunderstorms: An Overview; 7.2 Midlevel Mesocyclogenesis in an Early-Stage Supercell; 7.3 Supercell Dynamics 327 $a7.3.1 Case of a Straight Hodograph 330 $aThis new textbook seeks to promote a deep yet accessible understanding of mesoscale-convective processes in the atmosphere. Mesoscale-convective processes are commonly manifested in the form of thunderstorms, which are fast evolving, inherently hazardous, and can assume a broad range of sizes and severity. Modern explanations of the convective-storm dynamics, and of the related development of tornadoes, damaging 'straight-line' winds and heavy rainfall, are provided. Students and weather professionals will benefit especially from unique chapters devoted to observations and measurements of mesoscale phenomena, mesoscale prediction and predictability, and dynamical feedbacks between mesoscale-convective processes and larger-scale motions. 606 $aAtmospheric thermodynamics 615 0$aAtmospheric thermodynamics. 676 $a551.55 700 $aTrapp$b Robert J$g(Robert Jeffrey),$f1963-$01026685 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463321303321 996 $aMesoscale-convective processes in the atmosphere$92441729 997 $aUNINA