LEADER 05223nam 2200721 450 001 9910463307103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-78238-448-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000577025 035 $a(EBL)1644375 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001367993 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11978553 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001367993 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11445478 035 $a(PQKB)11570837 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1644375 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1644375 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10988147 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL663369 035 $a(OCoLC)896787094 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000577025 100 $a20140815h20152015 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe forgotten majority $eGerman merchants in London, naturalization, and global trade, 1660-1815 /$fMargrit Schulte Beerbu?hl ; translated by Cynthia Klohr 205 $aEnglish-language edition. 210 1$aNew York :$cBerghahn Books,$d[2015] 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (325 p.) 225 1 $aStudies in British and imperial history ;$vvolume 3 300 $aGerman-language edition entitled Deutsche Kaufleute in London : Welthandel und Einbu?rgerung (1660-1818); published by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, Mu?nchen, 2007. 311 $a1-322-32087-X 311 $a1-78238-447-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aSources and outline -- Ch. 1. Naturalizing newcomers for prosperity (1660-1818) -- Early modern English naturalization law -- Naturalized subjects : their number and native lands -- The occupations of German immigrants to become English subjects -- Ch. 2. Promoting Anglo-German trade in the seventeenth century -- Reorganizing Anglo-German trade during the 1600s -- London's German merchants after 1660 -- Lack of trust and understanding : challenges for both sides -- German merchant trade in London -- Trading regions and commodities -- Late-seventeenth-century German trade networks -- German merchants and London trade companies -- Fighting regulated companies -- Politics and commerce -- Ch. 3. Eighteenth-century German houses and trade -- London's German trade houses -- Starting out in London : the way to independence -- Trade houses and partners -- Chain migration, successors, and transnational alliances -- A German perspective on the development of bilateral trade -- The rise and organization of early "merchant empires" -- Connecting colonial empires -- Early merchant empires : flexible and vulnerable -- Ch. 4. German merchants in the Levant and Russia Companies -- British trade with Russia and the Levant -- Naturalized merchants in the Levant Company -- Naturalized merchants in the Russia Company -- The Russia Company's struggle with naturalization practices -- Naturalized subjects and the British factory in St. Petersburg -- The Bank of Scotland's right to naturalize -- Ch. 5. Boom and bankruptcy -- Insurance and trade at London's German trade houses -- London's early insurance business -- Networking Europe with the Americas and Asia -- The bankruptcy trend and the naturalized subjects' bankruptcies -- Waves of bankruptcy during the Coalition Wars -- The size of failed trade houses during the era of the Coalition Wars -- Muilman & Nantes -- Theophilus Blanckenhagen -- Persent & Bodecker -- Oom, Hoolboom, Knoblock & Co. and Hippius & Co. -- Estates of the failed -- Certificate of conformity and the ware broker : starting all over -- Commodity brokers and the freedom of the city -- Conclusion. 330 $a The ""forgotten majority"" of German merchants in London between the end of the Hanseatic League and the end of the Napoleonic Wars became the largest mercantile Christian immigrant group in the eighteenth century. Using previously neglected and little used evidence, this book assesses the causes of their migration, the establishment of their businesses in the capital, and the global reach of the enterprises. As the acquisition of British nationality was the admission ticket to Britain's commercial empire, it investigates the commercial function of British naturalization policy in the early m 410 0$aStudies in British and imperial history ;$vv. 3. 606 $aMerchants$zEngland$zLondon$xHistory 606 $aGermans$zEngland$zLondon$xHistory 606 $aNaturalization$zGreat Britain$xHistory 606 $aInternational trade$xHistory 607 $aGermany$xCommerce$zGreat Britain$xHistory 607 $aGreat Britain$xCommerce$zGermany$xHistory 607 $aLondon (England)$xEconomic conditions 607 $aLondon (England)$xEthnic relations$xHistory 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aMerchants$xHistory. 615 0$aGermans$xHistory. 615 0$aNaturalization$xHistory. 615 0$aInternational trade$xHistory. 676 $a382.0943 700 $aSchulte Beerbu?hl$b Margrit$0887035 702 $aKlohr$b Cynthia 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463307103321 996 $aThe forgotten majority$92469044 997 $aUNINA