LEADER 05305nam 2200637Ia 450 001 9910463254803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8122-0374-7 024 7 $a10.9783/9780812203745 035 $a(CKB)2670000000418279 035 $a(OCoLC)859161009 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10748579 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3442153 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse29084 035 $a(DE-B1597)449223 035 $a(OCoLC)1013960794 035 $a(OCoLC)979740821 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780812203745 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3442153 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10748579 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL682382 035 $a(OCoLC)873031533 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000418279 100 $a20070418d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aBeer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance$b[electronic resource] /$fRichard W. Unger 210 $aPhiladelphia $cUniversity of Pennsylvania Press$dc2004 215 $a1 online resource (338 p.) 311 $a1-322-51100-4 311 $a0-8122-1999-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [295]-312) and index. 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tContents -- $tIllustrations -- $tTables -- $tPreface -- $tAbbreviations -- $tChapter 1. Introduction: Understanding the History of Brewing -- $tChapter 2. Early Medieval Brewing -- $tChapter 3. Urbanization and the Rise of Commercial Brewing -- $tChapter 4. Hopped Beer, Hanse Towns, and the Origins of the Trade in Beer -- $tChapter 5. The Spread of Hopped Beer Brewing: The Northern Low Countries -- $tChapter 6. The Spread of Hopped Beer Brewing: The Southern Low Countries, England, and Scandinavia -- $tChapter 7. The Mature Industry: Levels of Production -- $tChapter 8. The Mature Industry: Levels of Consumption -- $tChapter 9. The Mature Industry: Technology -- $tChapter 10. The Mature Industry: Capital Investment and Innovation -- $tChapter 11. Types of Beer and Their International Exchange -- $tChapter 12. Taxes and Protection -- $tChapter 13. Guilds, Brewery Workers, and Work in Breweries -- $tChapter 14. Epilogue: The Decline of Brewing -- $tAppendix. On Classification and Measurement -- $tNotes -- $tBibliography -- $tIndex 330 $aThe beer of today-brewed from malted grain and hops, manufactured by large and often multinational corporations, frequently associated with young adults, sports, and drunkenness-is largely the result of scientific and industrial developments of the nineteenth century. Modern beer, however, has little in common with the drink that carried that name through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Looking at a time when beer was often a nutritional necessity, was sometimes used as medicine, could be flavored with everything from the bark of fir trees to thyme and fresh eggs, and was consumed by men, women, and children alike, Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance presents an extraordinarily detailed history of the business, art, and governance of brewing.During the medieval and early modern periods beer was as much a daily necessity as a source of inebriation and amusement. It was the beverage of choice of urban populations that lacked access to secure sources of potable water; a commodity of economic as well as social importance; a safe drink for daily consumption that was less expensive than wine; and a major source of tax revenue for the state. In Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Richard W. Unger has written an encompassing study of beer as both a product and an economic force in Europe.Drawing from archives in the Low Countries and England to assemble an impressively complete history, Unger describes the transformation of the industry from small-scale production that was a basic part of housewifery to a highly regulated commercial enterprise dominated by the wealthy and overseen by government authorities. Looking at the intersecting technological, economic, cultural, and political changes that influenced the transformation of brewing over centuries, he traces how improvements in technology and in the distribution of information combined to standardize quality, showing how the process of urbanization created the concentrated markets essential for commercial production.Weaving together the stories of prosperous businessmen, skilled brewmasters, and small producers, this impressively researched overview of the social and cultural practices that surrounded the beer industry is rich in implication for the history of the period as a whole. 606 $aBeer$zEurope$xHistory$yTo 1500 606 $aBeer$zEurope$xHistory$y16th century 606 $aBrewing industry$zEurope$xHistory$yTo 1500 606 $aBrewing industry$zEurope$xHistory$y16th century 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aBeer$xHistory 615 0$aBeer$xHistory 615 0$aBrewing industry$xHistory 615 0$aBrewing industry$xHistory 676 $a641.2/3/0940902 686 $aNW 2150$2rvk 700 $aUnger$b Richard W$0791216 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463254803321 996 $aBeer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance$92490851 997 $aUNINA