LEADER 05681nam 2200745 a 450 001 9910463213703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-9736-2 035 $a(CKB)2670000000339549 035 $a(EBL)1137706 035 $a(OCoLC)830163927 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000833806 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12372400 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000833806 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10936758 035 $a(PQKB)10685232 035 $a(OCoLC)843068330 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1137706 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1137706 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10672815 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL453676 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000339549 100 $a20150303d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aOperating and planning electricity grids with variable renewable generation$b[electronic resource] $ereview of emerging lessons from selected operational experiences and desktop studies /$fMarcelino Madrigal and Kevin Porter 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cWorld Bank$dc2013 215 $a1 online resource (125 p.) 225 1 $aA World Bank Study 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9734-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Tables; Table ES.1: Strategies to Manage Variability of Renewables in System Operations and Some Prerequisites for Their Application and Effectiveness; Chapter 1 The Challenges of Integrating Wind and Solar Generation; Introduction; Wind and Solar Development; Figures; Figure 1.1: Leading Countries in Installed Wind Capacity, 2010; The Operational Challenges in Integrating Wind and Solar Generation; Figure 1.2: Top 10 Countries in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Capacity, 2010, by Percent 327 $aTable 1.1: Leading Countries in Energy Penetration from Wind Energy (2009, unless otherwise indicated)Boxes; Box 1.1: Variable Renewable Sources: Dispatchable, But Not Controllable; Box 1.2: What Grid Codes Can and Cannot Do; Understanding Electricity Systems' Operational Time Frames and the Impact of the Variability of Wind and Solar Generation; Figure 1.3: Power System Operation Time Frames; Table 1.2: Flexibility Characteristics of Some Generation Technologies; Summary of Findings from Variable Generation Integration Studies and Operational Experiences 327 $aTable 1.3: Reserve Definitions in Germany, Ireland, and the United StatesTable 1.4: Additional Up-Regulation per 1,000 MW of Incremental Wind Generation Capacity in ERCOT; Figure 1.4: Integration Costs at Various Levels of Wind Power Capacity Penetration; Figure 1.5: Incremental Balancing Reserves at Various Levels of Wind Power Capacity Penetration; Table 1.5: Operational Time Frames; Box 1.3: Estimating Short-Term Reserve Requirements from Wind and Solar Variability; Figure 1.6: Example of Wind Ramps in Spain: Top Wind Power Drops, Bottom Combined Cycle Gas Power Output Increases 327 $aOther Findings from Operational ExperiencesBox 1.4: Bonneville Power Administration's Environmental Redispatch Policy; Figure 1.7: Installed Wind Capacity in China, 2000-10; Figure 1.8: An Example of Daily Load, Net Load, and Wind Production in China; Table 1.6: Synopsis of Case Study of Wind Integration in China; Figure 1.9: dena Grid Study II Transmission Scenarios; Table 1.7: Synopsis of Wind Integration in Germany; Solar Integration; Table 1.8: Synopsis of Wind Integration in Spain 327 $aFigure 1.10: Average Load, Net Load, and Wind and Solar Hourly Profiles from a Grid Integration Study in CaliforniaFigure 1.11: One- and 10-Minute Ramps from Six PV Plants in Las Vegas; Figure 1.12: Cumulative Distributions of Ramps from Individual PV Plants, Pairs of Variously Spaced Plants, and the Aggregate of All Plants in Arizona; Note; Table 1.9: Estimated Unit Cost of Reserves to Manage Short-Term Solar Variability; Chapter 2 Integration Strategies and Solutions; Table 2.1: Strategies for Integrating Variable Generation; Forecasting; Note 327 $aChapter 3 Contribution of Variable Power Sources to Supply Adequacy 330 $aThe paper 'Challenges and Approaches to Electricity Grids Operations and Planning with Increased Amounts of Variable Renewable Generation: Emerging Lessons from Selected Operational Experiences and Desktop Studies' focuses on analyzing the impacts of variable renewable energy on the operation and planning of the the power system (mostly, generation system). It is aimed at informing stakeholders in power utilities, regulatory bodies and other relevant audiences, on the fundamentals of technical challenges and approaches to operate electricity grids with renewable energy. It covers renewable ene 410 0$aWorld Bank study. 606 $aEnergy development 606 $aRenewable energy resources 606 $aPower resources 606 $aElectric utilities 606 $aSustainable development 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEnergy development. 615 0$aRenewable energy resources. 615 0$aPower resources. 615 0$aElectric utilities. 615 0$aSustainable development. 676 $a333.793/2 700 $aMadrigal$b Marcelino$0890107 701 $aPorter$b Kevin$01038896 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910463213703321 996 $aOperating and planning electricity grids with variable renewable generation$92460752 997 $aUNINA