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101 0 $aeng
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181   $ctxt$2rdacontent
182   $cc$2rdamedia
183   $acr$2rdacarrier
200 14$aThe shadow economy $ean international survey /$fFriedrich Schneider, Dominik H. Enste$b[electronic resource]
205   $aSecond edition.
210  1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2013.
215   $a1 online resource (216 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s)
300   $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
311 1 $a1316600890 
311 1 $a1107034841 
320   $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
327   $aThe shadow economy : a challenge for economic and social policy -- Defining the 'shadow economy' -- Methods to estimate the size of the shadow economy -- Size of shadow economies around the world -- The size of the shadow-economy labour force -- An integrated approach to explain deviant behaviour -- Analysing the causes and measures of economic policy -- Effects of the increasing shadow economy -- The 'two-pillar strategy' -- Conclusion and outlook.
330   $aIllicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 151 developing, transition, and OECD countries. This updated edition argues that during the 2000s the average size of the shadow economy varied from 19 per cent of GDP for OECD countries, to 30 per cent for transition countries, to 45 per cent for developing countries. It examines the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach to explain deviant behaviour that combines findings from economic, sociological, and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation and social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities, and the decline of the tax morale are all driving forces behind this growth, and they propose a reform of state public institutions in order to improve the dynamics of the official economy.
606   $aInformal sector (Economics)
606   $aBusiness enterprises$xCorrupt practices
606   $aCommercial crimes
606   $aTax evasion
606   $aNoncitizens
606   $aWelfare fraud
606   $aFraud
615  0$aInformal sector (Economics)
615  0$aBusiness enterprises$xCorrupt practices.
615  0$aCommercial crimes.
615  0$aTax evasion.
615  0$aNoncitizens.
615  0$aWelfare fraud.
615  0$aFraud.
676   $a330
700   $aSchneider$b Friedrich$0241913
702   $aEnste$b Dominik
801  0$bUkCbUP
801  1$bUkCbUP
906   $aBOOK
912   $a9910462959903321
996   $aThe shadow economy$91899824
997   $aUNINA