LEADER 04344nam 2200637 a 450 001 9910461854703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-59332-532-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000187285 035 $a(EBL)1057835 035 $a(OCoLC)787844748 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000623471 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12221224 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000623471 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10648730 035 $a(PQKB)10425350 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1057835 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1057835 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10538015 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000187285 100 $a20111207d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aStruggles over immigrants' language$b[electronic resource] $eliteracy tests in the United States, 1917-1966 /$fYoung-In Oh 210 $aEl Paso $cLFB Scholarly Pub.$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (182 p.) 225 1 $aThe new Americans : recent immigration and American society 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-59332-477-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCONTENTS; Acknowledgments; Introduction; CHAPTER 1: The Beginning of Federal Language Restriction: The Literacy Test Act of 1917; Still Open Door Mixed with Ethnocentric National Identity; Toward Immigration Restriction: Redefining Americans; The Literacy Test Act: A Product of Long Lasting Political Discourses in the Divided Government; CHAPTER 2: Applications and Challenges: Immigrants and the Administrators; The Implications of the Literacy Test Act; The Ambiguity of the Law and Its Discretionary Administration; Challenging the Arbitrary Administration of the Literacy Test 327 $aCHAPTER 3: Power Politics in Implementing Immigration Policy: Congress and the Bureau Of Immigration Immigration Legislation and the Extent of Administrative Powers; Congressional Power and Dehumanizing Administration; Illegal Immigrants: A Consequence of the Conflict between Legislation and Administration; CHAPTER 4: The Literacy Tests and the National Quota Immigration Policies; The National Quota Immigration Act of 1924: Ongoing History of the Literacy Test; To Redefine a "White" America: Congress, the courts, and the states; American Citizen Yes, Voter No: Double Allegiance to State and Nation 327 $aEnglish as a Test of Being a Good American Citizen CHAPTER 5: The English Literacy Test in New York State: An Added Way of Making a "White" America; The English Literacy Test Election law of 1921 in New York State and Its Implications; A Step Towards Uniqueness: The 1923 Amendment; Two Kinds of Assimilation: Intended and Unintended Consequences; CHAPTER 6: Conclusion; Bibliography; Index 330 $aOh argues that the introduction of literacy tests influenced both the possibility of immigrant admission to the United States and the exercise of suffrage. The Literacy Test Act of 1917 was the first national language restriction on immigration and was used as a means of excluding "undesirable" linguistic minorities. Focusing on New York State, Oh shows how literacy tests were used to preserve the political hegemony. She argues that linguistic assimilation carried different meanings for different people. For Europeans, it meant swifter assimilation into American society, while for non-whites i 410 0$aNew Americans (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC) 606 $aLiteracy$xSocial aspects$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aLiteracy$xAbility testing$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aImmigrants$xEducation$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xSocial aspects 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y20th century 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aLiteracy$xSocial aspects$xHistory 615 0$aLiteracy$xAbility testing$xHistory 615 0$aImmigrants$xEducation$xHistory 676 $a371.826/9120973 700 $aOh$b Young-In$f1970-$0982138 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910461854703321 996 $aStruggles over immigrants' language$92241531 997 $aUNINA