LEADER 05840nam 2200721 a 450 001 9910461433103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-49738-6 010 $a9786613592613 010 $a90-272-7405-3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000151247 035 $a(EBL)861545 035 $a(OCoLC)777549402 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000633916 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11397838 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000633916 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10621732 035 $a(PQKB)10262041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC861545 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL861545 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10534213 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL359261 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000151247 100 $a19920214d1992 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCursing in America$b[electronic resource] $ea psycholinguistic study of dirty language in the courts, in the movies, in the schoolyards and on the streets /$fby Timothy Jay 210 $aPhiladelphia $cJ. Benjamins Pub. Co.$d1992 215 $a1 online resource (287 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-55619-451-X 311 $a90-272-2092-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [245]-272) and index. 327 $aCURSING IN AMERICA; Title page; Copyright page; Acknowledgments; Table of Contents; Detailed Table of Contents; Chapter 1. What Are ""Dirty"" Words?; Cursing; Profanity; Blasphemy; Taboo; Obscenity; Vulgarity; Slang; Epithets; Insults and slurs; Scatology; What Is the Value of Classification?; Connotative and Denotative Usage; Colorful Metaphors; Context is critical; Time perspective; Summary; Chapter 2. When Children Use Dirty Words; Language Development; The Language of Infancy (Birth to Two Years); Anger and Dirty Words in Infancy; The Origins of Humor; Pre-School Humor. 327 $aSome Final Thoughts About InfantsThe Language of Childhood (Two to Eleven Years); Childhood Humor; Elementary School Humor.; Childhood Name Calling and Insulting; Object Naming; Childhood Story Telling; From Childhood to Adolescence: Final Thoughts; Two General Issues of Sex Talk and Language at School; The ""Etiquette"" of Dirty Words and Sex Talk; Conclusions About Sex Talk; The Issue of Dirty Language at School; The Emergence of an Obscene Lexicon; Field Study One; Field Study Two: Summer Camp (Hall & Jay, 1988); Summary of Field Studies; Conclusion; Chapter 3. Anger and Dirty Words 327 $aAnger Expressed Through Cursing or BlasphemyAnger Expressed Through Reference to Subnormal Thought; Anger Expressed Through Obscenity; Anger Expressed Through Reference to a Sex Organ; Anger Expressed Through Reference to Deviant Sexual Act; Anger Expressed Through Reference to Being Sexually Violated; Anger Expressed Through Reference to Social-Sexual Deviation; Anger Expressed Through Racial-Ethnic Reference; Anger Expressed Through Scatology; Anger Expressed Through Reference to Body Product or Process; Anger Expressed Through Items Associated with Body Products 327 $aAnger Expressed Through References to AnimalsAnger ExpressedThroughReference to Animal Feces; The Context of Anger Expression; Social-Physical Setting; Speaker-Listener Variable; Discussion; The Etiquette of Anger Expression with Taboo Words; A Five-Stage Model of Anger; Stage 1: The Offending Event; Stage 2: The Degree of Anger; Stage 3: Attempts to Control Anger; Stage 4: Loss of Control; Stage 5: Retribution; The Value of Expressing Anger; Summary; Chapter 4. The Frequency of Dirty Word Usage; Why Word Frequency?; The Frequency Estimation Problem: Why There Are No Dirty Words 327 $aCounting Oral Frequency: Almost Good EnoughA Frequency Count of Students' Colloquial English (Jay, 1980a); College Sample of Dirty Words; Elementary School Dirty Words; Discussion; Field Studies Versus Laboratory Studies; A Field Study of Offensive Speech; The Contextual Approach; Method; Results; Discussion; Laboratory Studies of Offensive Speech; Jay 1977 Ratings; Method; Results; The Massachusetts Study (1978); Word List; Method; Results; A Matter of Semantics; Of Words and Deeds; Conclusion; Chapter 5. The Offensiveness of Words: Sex and Semantics; Purpose of the Chapter 327 $aOffensiveness versus Offendedness 330 $aThis is the first serious and extensive examination of American cursing from a psycholinguistic-contextual point of view. Several field studies and numerous laboratory-based experiments focus on the relationship between cursing and language acquisitions, anger expresssion, gender stereotypes, semantics, and offensiveness. Censorship, language content of motion pictures, First-Amendment fighting words, sexual harassment, obscene phone calls, and cursing at public schools are analyzed and related to sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic data. Many tables of word-by-word data provide empirical evi 606 $aEnglish language$xObscene words$xPsychological aspects$zUnited States 606 $aBlessing and cursing$xPsychological aspects$zUnited States 606 $aWords, Obscene$xPsychological aspects$zUnited States 606 $aEnglish language$zUnited States$xObscene words 606 $aAmericanisms 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEnglish language$xObscene words$xPsychological aspects 615 0$aBlessing and cursing$xPsychological aspects 615 0$aWords, Obscene$xPsychological aspects 615 0$aEnglish language$xObscene words. 615 0$aAmericanisms. 676 $a401/.9/0973 700 $aJay$b Timothy$0534396 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910461433103321 996 $aCursing in America$92032044 997 $aUNINA