LEADER 04357nam 22007092 450 001 9910461364703321 005 20151005020622.0 010 $a1-107-22163-3 010 $a1-139-08885-8 010 $a1-283-19333-7 010 $a9786613193339 010 $a1-139-09266-9 010 $a0-511-97740-9 010 $a1-139-09215-4 010 $a1-139-09126-3 010 $a1-139-09318-5 010 $a1-139-09035-6 035 $a(CKB)2670000000093480 035 $a(EBL)713041 035 $a(OCoLC)735595666 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000521926 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11913734 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000521926 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10527420 035 $a(PQKB)11067887 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9780511977404 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC713041 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL713041 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10476475 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL319333 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000093480 100 $a20141103d2011|||| uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDefeating authoritarian leaders in postcommunist countries /$fValerie Bunce and Sharon Wolchik$b[electronic resource] 210 1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2011. 215 $a1 online resource (xi, 373 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 225 1 $aCambridge studies in contentious politics 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). 311 $a0-521-18725-7 311 $a1-107-00685-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aMachine generated contents note: Part I. The Puzzle: 1. Breakthrough elections: mixed regimes, democracy assistance, and international diffusion; 2. Electoral stability and change in mixed regimes; Part II. Case Studies: 3. The 1998 election in Slovakia and the 2000 election in Croatia: model solidifies and is transferred; 4. Defeating a dictator at the polls and in the streets: the 2000 Yugoslav election; 5. Ukraine: the orange revolution; 6. Georgia and Kyrgyzstan: fraudulent parliamentary elections, mass protests, and presidential abdications; 7. Failed cases: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Belarus; Part III. Comparative Analyses: 8. Explaining divergent electoral outcomes: regime strength, international democracy assistance, and electoral dynamics; 9. The electoral model: evolution and elements; 10. The cross-national diffusion of democratizing elections; 11. After the elections: explaining divergent regime trajectories; 12. Conclusions: democratizing elections, international diffusion and U.S. democracy assistance. 330 $aFrom 1998 to 2005, six elections took place in postcommunist Europe that had the surprising outcome of empowering the opposition and defeating authoritarian incumbents or their designated successors. Valerie J. Bunce and Sharon L. Wolchik compare these unexpected electoral breakthroughs. They draw three conclusions. First, the opposition was victorious because of the hard and creative work of a transnational network composed of local opposition and civil society groups, members of the international democracy assistance community and graduates of successful electoral challenges to authoritarian rule in other countries. Second, the remarkable run of these upset elections reflected the ability of this network to diffuse an ensemble of innovative electoral strategies across state boundaries. Finally, elections can serve as a powerful mechanism for democratic change. This is especially the case when civil society is strong, the transfer of political power is through constitutional means, and opposition leaders win with small mandates. 410 0$aCambridge studies in contentious politics. 606 $aDemocracy$zFormer communist countries 606 $aAuthoritarianism$zFormer communist countries 607 $aFormer communist countries$xPolitics and government 615 0$aDemocracy 615 0$aAuthoritarianism 676 $a324.9171/7 700 $aBunce$b Valerie$f1949-$0707802 702 $aWolchik$b Sharon L. 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910461364703321 996 $aDefeating authoritarian leaders in postcommunist countries$92458835 997 $aUNINA