LEADER 05913nam 2200733 450 001 9910459975903321 005 20200903223051.0 010 $a90-272-6940-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000270463 035 $a(EBL)1825436 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001368961 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12545630 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001368961 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11288499 035 $a(PQKB)10023712 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1825436 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1825436 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10960634 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL663020 035 $a(OCoLC)894170985 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000270463 100 $a20141107h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTranslation and the Spanish Empire in the Americas /$fRoberto A. Valdeo?n 210 1$aAmsterdam, Netherlands ;$aPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania :$cJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 recurso en linea (284 p.) 225 1 $aBenjamins Translation Library,$x0929-7316 ;$vVolume 113 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-31738-0 311 $a90-272-5853-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aTranslation and the Spanish Empire in the Americas; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Preface; 1. Language, translation and empire; 1.1 Of empires, national rivalries and languages; 1.1.1 The Black Legend; 1.1.2 The Spanish struggle for justice; 1.2 The benevolent conquest: Different and yet similar; 1.2.1 Untranslated images of colonial violence; 1.3 The narrative of the Indian as a good savage; 1.4 The narrative of the Indians as a unified group; 1.5 The role of religion in the conquest: Different and yet similar; 1.5.1 Religious fanaticism: Similar and yet different 327 $a1.6 Conquest and language1.7 The survival of anti-Spanish propaganda; 2. Conquerors and translators; 2.1 The first Europeans and the first interpreters; 2.1.1 Translation as violence; 2.1.2 Translation and resistance; 2.1.3 The many names of the linguistic intermediary; 2.2 The Requerimiento; 2.3.1 Don?a Marina/Malinche and the conquest of Mexico; 2.3 Conquerors and interpreters in Mesoamerica; 2.3.2 Interpreting the meeting between Corte?s and Moctezuma; 2.4 Pizarro and the conquest of Peru; 2.4.1 The encounter between Atahualpa and the Spanish; 2.4.2 Felipillo's reputation as an interpreter 327 $a2.5 The salary of the interpreters2.5.1 In Mesoamerica; 2.5.2 In the Andes; 3. Translation and the administration of the colonies; 3.1 The teaching of Spanish and of the lenguas generales; 3.1.1 Alphabetic writing; 3.1.2 The teaching and learning of the lenguas generales; 3.1.3 The universities; 3.2 Translation in the early colonial period; 3.3 The status of the interpreters: Legal, economic and ethical issues; 3.4 Translators in the judicial system; 3.5 The use of native languages in official documents; 3.6 The relaciones; 3.6.1 The role of interpreter Gaspar Antonio Chi in Mesoamerica 327 $a3.6.2 The visitas of the Andes3.7 The use of translation during Francisco de Toledo's rule as viceroy of Peru; 3.7.1 Francisco de Toledo's visitas; 3.7.2 Translation as violence; 3.8 Translating the khipus; 3.9 Linguistic mediation: From accommodation to resistance; 4. Evangelizing the natives; 4.1 The arrival of European conquerors: Gold as God; 4.2 The Inter Caetera bulls and the beginning of evangelization; 4.3 Language and evangelization: The challenges of translation; 4.4 The myth of the Spaniards as gods as a translation problem; 4.5 The challenges of translation and communication 327 $a4.5.1 Memorization and other local practices as conversion techniques4.6 The translation policies of the Catholic Church in the metropolis and beyond; 4.6.1 Opposition to translation; 4.7 Translation and evangelization in Mesoamerica; 4.7.1 The teaching of Spanish; 4.7.2 The learning of local languages; 4.7.3 The impact of the regional councils upon language and translation policies; 4.7.4 The impact of translation upon the normativization of Nahuatl; 4.8 Translation and evangelization in the Andean region; 4.8.1 The Lima councils; 4.8.2 The standarization of native languages 327 $a4.8.3 Domingo de Santo Toma?s 330 $aTwo are the starting points of this book. On the one hand, the use of Don?a Marina/La Malinche as a symbol of the violation of the Americas by the Spanish conquerors as well as a metaphor of her treason to the Mexican people. On the other, the role of the translations of Bartolome? de las Casas's Brevi?sima relacio?n de la destruccio?n de las Indias in the creation and expansion of the Spanish Black Legend. The author aims to go beyond them by considering the role of translators and interpreters during the early colonial period in Spanish America and by looking at the translations of the Spanish ch 410 0$aBenjamins translation library ;$vVolume 113. 606 $aTranslating and interpreting$xHistory 606 $aTranslating and interpreting$xPolitical aspects 606 $aTranslating services$xHistory 606 $aLanguage and culture 607 $aUnited States$xHistory$yColonial period, ca. 1600-1775 607 $aSpain$xColonies$zAmerica 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aTranslating and interpreting$xHistory. 615 0$aTranslating and interpreting$xPolitical aspects. 615 0$aTranslating services$xHistory. 615 0$aLanguage and culture. 676 $a418/.02 700 $aValdeo?n$b Roberto A.$0903004 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910459975903321 996 $aTranslation and the Spanish Empire in the Americas$92018650 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04140nam 22005775 450 001 9910337899703321 005 20200702001302.0 010 $a3-030-10466-4 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-030-10466-5 035 $a(CKB)4100000007938108 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5754994 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-030-10466-5 035 $a(PPN)235670979 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000007938108 100 $a20190413d2019 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aIce Ages and Interglacials $eMeasurements, Interpretation, and Models /$fby Donald Rapp 205 $a3rd ed. 2019. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2019. 215 $a1 online resource (362 pages) 311 $a3-030-10465-6 327 $aPreface -- 1. History and Description of Ice Ages -- 2. Variability of the Earth's climate -- 3. Ice core methodology -- 4. Ice core data -- 5. Ocean sediment data. etc. 330 $aIt is not so long ago (a mere 17,000 years ? a blink in geologic time) that vast areas of the Northern Hemisphere were covered with ice sheets up to two miles thick, lowering the oceans by more than 120 m. By 11,000 years ago, most of the ice was gone. Evidence from polar ice cores and ocean sediments show that Ice Ages were persistent and recurrent over the past 800,000 years. The data suggests that Ice Ages were the normal state, and were temporarily interrupted by interglacial warm periods about nine times during this period. Quasi-periodic variations in the Earth cause the solar input to high northern latitudes to vary with time over thousands of years. The widely accepted Milankovitch theory implies that the interglacial warm periods are associated with high solar input to high northern latitudes. However, many periods of high solar input to high northern latitudes occur during Ice Ages while the ice sheets remain. The data also indicates that Ice Ages will persist regardless of solar input to high northern latitudes, until several conditions are met that are necessary to generate a termination of an Ice Age. An Ice Age will not terminate until it has been maturing for many tens of thousands of years leading to a reduction of the atmospheric CO2 concentration to less than 200 ppm. At that point, CO2 starvation coupled with lower temperatures will cause desertification of marginal regions, leading to the generation of large quantities of dust. High winds transfer this dust to the ice sheets greatly increasing their solar absorptivity, and at the next up-lobe in the solar input to high northern latitudes, solar power melts the ice sheets over about a 6,000-year interval. A warm interglacial period follows, during which dust levels drop remarkably. Slowly but surely, ice begins accumulating again at high northern latitudes and an incipient new Ice Age begins. This third edition presents data and models to support this theory. 606 $aAtmospheric science 606 $aClimatology 606 $aAstronomy 606 $aAstrophysics 606 $aOceanography 606 $aAtmospheric Sciences$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G36000 606 $aClimatology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/311000 606 $aAstronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/P22006 606 $aOceanography$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G25005 615 0$aAtmospheric science. 615 0$aClimatology. 615 0$aAstronomy. 615 0$aAstrophysics. 615 0$aOceanography. 615 14$aAtmospheric Sciences. 615 24$aClimatology. 615 24$aAstronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. 615 24$aOceanography. 676 $a551.6 700 $aRapp$b Donald$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0302096 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910337899703321 996 $aIce Ages and Interglacials$92095802 997 $aUNINA