LEADER 03931nam 22005773u 450 001 9910459926703321 005 20210107223848.0 010 $a92-4-069387-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000370191 035 $a(EBL)1975014 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1975014 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1975014 035 $a(OCoLC)904517810 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000370191 100 $a20150309d2014|||| u|| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPreventing Diarrhoea through Better Water Sanitation and Hygiene$b[electronic resource] $eExposures and Impacts in Low- and Middle-income Countries 210 $aGeneva $cWorld Health Organization$d2014 215 $a1 online resource (47 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a92-4-156482-2 327 $aCover; Contents; Acronyms and abbreviations; Acknowledgements; Foreword; Executive summary; Methods; Exposures; Impacts of interventions; Global burden of disease; Section 1. Introduction; 1.1 Disease burden methodology; 1.1.1 Exposure distribution in the population; 1.1.2 Exposure-response relationship; 1.2 Report structure; Section 2. Drinking-water; 2.1 Global access to drinking-water supplies; 2.2 Faecal contamination of drinking-water supplies; 2.3 Household water treatment; 2.4 Drinking-water supplies used in LMICs 327 $a2.5 Effect of improvements in drinking-water supply on diarrhoeal disease risk2.6 Burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate drinking-water; 2.7 Policy implications; Section 3. Sanitation; 3.1 Global sanitation practices; 3.2 Sanitation facilities used in LMICs; 3.3 Effect of improvements in sanitation on diarrhoeal disease risk; 3.4 Burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate sanitation; 3.5 Policy implications; Section 4. Handwashing; 4.1 Global practices of handwashing with soap; 4.2 Effect of handwashing with soap on diarrhoeal disease risk 327 $a4.3 Burden of disease from inadequate handwashing4.4 Policy implications; Section 5. Integrated water, sanitation and hygiene interventions; 5.1 Burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene; Section 6. Trends, other estimates and non-diarrhoeal WASH-related illness; 6.1 Trends since 1990; 6.2 Comparison with previous estimates of diarrhoea attributable to inadequate WASH; 6.3 Impact on diseases other than diarrhoea; 6.4 Policy implications; Annex; Country data on water-, sanitation- and hygiene-related exposure and disease burden; Methodology 327 $aNotes to Annex Table 2References 330 $aIn early 2013 WHO convened an expert group of scientists from 14 collaborating research institutions to update theassessment of the burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and to reassessthe effectiveness of WASH interventions. This group considered evolving and alternative methods for assessing theburden of disease and agreed on a rigorous new approach using meta-regression. In deriving the new figures theexperts incorporated the latest data on use of improved water and sanitation with minor adjustments and drew uponthe results from two new global 606 $aDiarrhea 606 $aEnvironmental health 606 $aPublic health 606 $aSanitation 606 $aWater sanitation 608 $aElectronic books. 615 4$aDiarrhea. 615 4$aEnvironmental health. 615 4$aPublic health. 615 4$aSanitation. 615 4$aWater sanitation. 676 $a363.73 676 $a615.9 700 $aOrganization$b World Health$0819556 801 0$bAU-PeEL 801 1$bAU-PeEL 801 2$bAU-PeEL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910459926703321 996 $aPreventing Diarrhoea through Better Water Sanitation and Hygiene$92484269 997 $aUNINA