LEADER 04021nam 22005895 450 001 9910449950603321 005 20210819170601.0 010 $a1-282-76710-0 010 $a9786612767104 010 $a1-4008-2370-6 024 7 $a10.1515/9781400823703 035 $a(CKB)1000000000002028 035 $a(EBL)581624 035 $a(OCoLC)700688647 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000278564 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11222989 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000278564 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10247151 035 $a(PQKB)11788194 035 $a(DE-B1597)453533 035 $a(OCoLC)979834478 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781400823703 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC581624 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000002028 100 $a20190708d2000 fg 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDemocratic Commitments $eLegislatures and International Cooperation /$fLisa L. Martin 205 $aCourse Book 210 1$aPrinceton, NJ :$cPrinceton University Press,$d[2000] 210 4$dİ2000 215 $a1 online resource (234 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-691-00924-4 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tPreface --$tCHAPTER 1. Introduction --$tCHAPTER 2. Theoretical Framework: Legislatures, Executives, and Commitment --$tCHAPTER 3. Institutions and Influence: Executive Agreements and Treaties --$tCHAPTER 4. Economic Sanctions: Domestic Conflict of Interest and International Cooperation --$tCHAPTER 5. U.S. Food-Aid Policy: The Politics of Delegation and Linkage --$tCHAPTER 6. National Parliaments and European Integration: Institutional Choice in EU Member States --$tCHAPTER 7. Implementing the EU's Internal Market: The Influence of National Parliaments --$tCHAPTER 8. Conclusion --$tReferences --$tIndex 330 $aFrom the refusal of the U.S. Congress to approve fast-track trade authority and certain foreign aid packages to the obstacles placed by Western European parliaments in the path of economic integration, legislatures often interfere with national leaders' efforts to reach and implement predictable international agreements. This seems to give an advantage to dictators, who can bluff with confidence and make decisions without consultation, and many assume that even democratic governments would do better to minimize political dissent and speak foreign policy from a single mouth. In this thoughtful, empirically grounded challenge to the assumption that messy domestic politics undermine democracies' ability to conduct international relations, Lisa Martin argues that legislatures--and particularly the apparently problematic openness of their proceedings--actually serve foreign policy well by giving credibility to the international commitments that are made. Examining the American cases of economic sanctions, the use of executive agreements versus treaties, and food assistance, in addition to the establishment of the European Union, Martin concludes that--if institutionalized--even rancorous domestic conversations between executives and legislatures augment rather than impede states' international dealings. Such interactions strengthen and legitimize states' bargaining positions and international commitments, increasing their capacity to realize international cooperation. By expanding our comprehension of how domestic politics affect international dialogue, this work is a major advance in the field of international relations and critical reading for those who study or forge foreign policy. 606 $aInternational cooperation 606 $aLegislative bodies 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aInternational cooperation. 615 0$aLegislative bodies. 676 $a328.73/0746 700 $aMartin$b Lisa L.$01038934 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910449950603321 996 $aDemocratic Commitments$92460809 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02975nam 2200613 450 001 9910459613403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-60135-0 010 $a9786612601354 010 $a90-474-2709-2 035 $a(CKB)2670000000009840 035 $a(EBL)489435 035 $a(OCoLC)593295861 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000333915 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11295168 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000333915 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10378534 035 $a(PQKB)11653811 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC489435 035 $a(OCoLC)289096028 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789047427094 035 $a(PPN)174401566 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL489435 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11061915 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL260135 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000009840 100 $a20081219d2009 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAdmission to the United Nations $eCharter Article 4 and the rise of universal organization /$fby Thomas D. Grant 210 1$aLeiden ;$aBoston :$cMartinus Nijhoff Publishers,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (364 p.) 225 1 $aLegal aspects of international organization,$x0924-4883 ;$vvolume 50 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a90-04-17363-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aAdmission under the UN Charter -- The early years : implementing Article 4? -- The road to universality : the admissions of 1955-6 -- Universality affirmed : the eclipse of substantive admission criteria -- Admission after the package deal -- Universality achieved : micro-states, neutral states, and the residue of empires -- Consequences of admission. 330 $aThe United Nations began as an alliance during World War II. Eventually, however, the UN came to approximate a universal organization - idlest, open to and aspiring to include all States. This presents a legal question, for Article 4 of the Charter contains substantive criteria to limit admission of States to the UN and no formal amendment has touched that part of the Charter. This book gives an up-to-date account of admission to the UN, from the 1950's ?logjam? through on-going controversies like Kosovo and Taiwan. With reference to Charter law, the book considers how Article 4 came to accommodate universality and what the future of a universal organization in a world of politically diverse States might be. 410 0$aLegal aspects of international organization ;$v50. 606 $aInternational organization 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aInternational organization. 676 $a341.23/3 700 $aGrant$b Thomas D.$f1969-$0857068 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910459613403321 996 $aAdmission to the United Nations$92447938 997 $aUNINA