LEADER 02647nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910458844403321 005 20210301185517.0 010 $a1-283-09533-5 010 $a9786613095336 010 $a1-58648-535-0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000381385 035 $a(EBL)688719 035 $a(OCoLC)721195177 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000534983 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12224113 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000534983 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10523081 035 $a(PQKB)10466216 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000380077 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12127090 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000380077 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10372593 035 $a(PQKB)11435364 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC688719 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000381385 100 $a20060324d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aChina$b[electronic resource] $ethe balance sheet : what the world needs to know now about the emerging superpower /$fC. Fred Bergsten ... [et al.] 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cPublic Affairs$dc2006 215 $a1 online resource (225 p.) 300 $a"Institute for International Economics ; CSIS"--P. [ii]. 311 $a1-58648-435-4 311 $a1-58648-464-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [163]-180) and index. 327 $aContents; List of Illustrations; Preface; 1 Summary and Overview: Meeting the China Challenge; 2 China's Domestic Economy: Continued Growth or Collapse?; 3 China's Domestic Transformation: Democratization or Disorder?; 4 China in the World Economy: Opportunity or Threat?; 5 China's Foreign and Security Policy: Partner or Rival?; 6 Conclusion: Toward a New United States-China Relationship; Notes; Authors; Organizations; Acknowledgements; Advisory Committee; Index 330 $a
From the most distinguished China experts in America, and two of Washington's foremost think tanks, comes a definitive and indispensable portrait of China today.
606 $aNational security$zChina 607 $aChina$xPolitics and government$y1976-2002 607 $aChina$xEconomic policy$y2000- 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aNational security 676 $a951.06 701 $aBergsten$b C. Fred$f1941-$0118953 712 02$aInstitute for International Economics (U.S.) 712 02$aCentre for Strategic and International Studies. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910458844403321 996 $aChina$92119130 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04837nam 2200649 450 001 9910818046403321 005 20210422025932.0 010 $a0-231-53739-5 024 7 $a10.7312/shin16614 035 $a(CKB)3710000000215252 035 $a(EBL)1643209 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001289773 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11841709 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001289773 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11231646 035 $a(PQKB)11370485 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1643209 035 $a(DE-B1597)458503 035 $a(OCoLC)888123976 035 $a(OCoLC)900559469 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780231537391 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1643209 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10912942 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL686183 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000215252 100 $a20140901h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|nu---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSpells, images, and mandalas $etracing the evolution of esoteric Buddhist rituals /$fKoichi Shinohara ; cover design, Chin-Yee Lai 210 1$aNew York ;$aChichester, England :$cColumbia University Press,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (353 p.) 225 1 $aSheng Yen Series in Chinese Buddhist Studies 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a1-322-54901-X 311 0 $a0-231-16614-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tList of Figures and Tables --$tAcknowledgments --$tIntroduction --$tPART I. The Three Ritual Scenarios --$t1. The Recitation of Spells in the Dh?ra?? Collections --$t2. The Image Ritual of the Eleven-Faced Avalokite?vara --$t3. The Ma??ala Initiation Ceremony --$t4. The Formation of the All-Gathering Ceremony --$tPART II. The Evolution of Dh?ra?? S?tras and the Introduction of Visualization Practice --$t5. Dh?ra?? S?tras and Their Evolution in Esoteric S?tras Translated by Bodhiruci --$t6. The Tradition of the Amoghap??a S?tras --$tPART III. Toward a New Synthesis: "Mature" Rituals of Visualization --$t7. Yixing's Commentary on the Mah?vairocana S?tra: Creating the Great Ma??ala --$t8. Amoghavajra's Ritual Manuals --$tConclusion --$tAppendix: The Day-by-Day Instructions for the All-Gathering Ma??ala Ceremony in the Collected Dh?ra?? S?tras --$tNotes --$tReferences --$tIndex 330 $aKoichi Shinohara traces the evolution of Esoteric Buddhist rituals from the simple recitation of spells in the fifth century to complex systems involving image worship, mandala initiation, and visualization practices in the ninth century. He presents an important new reading of a seventh-century Chinese text called the Collected Dharani Sutras, which shows how earlier rituals for specific deities were synthesized into a general Esoteric initiation ceremony and how, for the first time, the notion of an Esoteric Buddhist pantheon emerged. In the Collected Dharani Sutras, rituals for specific deities were typically performed around images of the deities, yet Esoteric Buddhist rituals in earlier sources involved the recitation of spells rather than the use of images. The first part of this study explores how such simpler rituals came to be associated with the images of specific deities and ultimately gave rise to the general Esoteric initiation ceremony described in the crucial example of the All-Gathering mandala ritual in the Collected Dharani Sutras. The visualization practices so important to later Esoteric Buddhist rituals were absent from this ceremony, and their introduction would fundamentally change Esoteric Buddhist practice. This study examines the translations of dharani sutras made by Bodhiruci in the early eighth century and later Esoteric texts, such as Yixing's commentary on the Mahavairocana sutra and Amoghavajra's ritual manuals, to show how incorporation of visualization greatly enriched Esoteric rituals and helped develop elaborate iconographies for the deities. Over time, the ritual function of images became less certain, and the emphasis shifted toward visualization. This study clarifies the complex relationship between images and ritual, changing how we perceive Esoteric Buddhist art as well as ritual. 410 0$aSheng Yen series in Chinese Buddhist studies. 606 $aTantric Buddhism$xRituals$xHistory 606 $aTantric Buddhism$xHistory 615 0$aTantric Buddhism$xRituals$xHistory. 615 0$aTantric Buddhism$xHistory. 676 $a294.3/438 700 $aShinohara$b Koichi$f1941-$01611124 702 $aLai$b Chin-Yee 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910818046403321 996 $aSpells, images, and mandalas$93940743 997 $aUNINA