LEADER 05503nam 22006734a 450 001 9910458662903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-05049-0 010 $a9786611050498 010 $a0-08-047661-9 035 $a(CKB)1000000000364179 035 $a(EBL)294040 035 $a(OCoLC)703863158 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000292062 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11228970 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000292062 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10255946 035 $a(PQKB)10971465 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC294040 035 $a(CaSebORM)9780123693884 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL294040 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10186070 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000364179 100 $a20051103d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCommonsense reasoning$b[electronic resource] /$fErik T. Mueller 205 $a1st edition 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aBoston $cElsevier Morgan Kaufmann$dc2006 215 $a1 online resource (431 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-369388-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 361-390) and index. 327 $aFront cover; About the Author; Title page; Copyright page; Table of contents; Foreword; Preface; Why Commonsense Reasoning?; Approach; Intended Audience; Roadmap; Material Covered; Supplemental Materials; Web Site and Reasoning Programs; Exercises and Solutions; Text and Figure Acknowledgments; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction; What Is Commonsense Reasoning?; Key Issues of Commonsense Reasoning; Summary; Brief History of Commonsense Reasoning; Logical Methods; Nonlogical Methods; The Event Calculus; Events, Fluents, and Timepoints; A Simple Example; Automated Event Calculus Reasoning 327 $aBibliographic NotesPart I Foundations; 2 The Event Calculus; First-Order Logic; Syntax of First-Order Logic; Semantics of First-Order Logic; Proof Theory; Many-Sorted First-Order Logic; Notational Conventions; Event Calculus Basics; Event Calculus Sorts; Event Calculus Predicates; States of a Fluent; Event Calculus Axiomatizations; The (Continuous) Event Calculus; The Discrete Event Calculus; Choosing between the Event Calculus and the Discrete Event Calculus; Reification; Unique Names Axioms; Conditions; Circumscription; Computing Circumscription; Example: Circumscription of Happens 327 $aExample: Circumscription of InitiatesDomain Descriptions; Example: Sleep; Inconsistency; Reasoning Types; Deduction and Temporal Projection; Abduction and Planning; Example: Sleep Abduction; Postdiction; Model Finding; Bibliographic Notes; Exercises; Part II Commonsense Phenomena; 3 The Effects of Events; Positive and Negative Effect Axioms; Example: Telephone; Effect Axiom Idioms; Preconditions; Fluent Preconditions; Action Preconditions; Example: Walking through a Door; State Constraints; Example: Telephone Revisited; Bibliographic Notes; Exercises; 4 The Triggering of Events 327 $aTrigger AxiomsExample: Alarm Clock; Preventing Repeated Triggering; Example: Bank Account Service Fee; Triggered Fluents; Bibliographic Notes; Exercises; 5 The Commonsense Law of Inertia; Representation of the Commonsense Law of Inertia; Frame Problem; Classical Frame Axioms; Explanation Closure Axioms; Minimizing Event Occurrences; Introduction of Initiates Predicate; Minimizing Event Effects; Introduction of Terminates Predicate; Discussion; Representing Release from the Commonsense Law of Inertia; Example: Yale Shooting Scenario; Releasing from Inertia; Restoring Inertia 327 $aExplanation Closure Axioms for ReleasedAtExample: Russian Turkey Scenario; Release Axioms; Bibliographic Notes; Exercises; 6 Indirect Effects of Events; Effect Axioms; Example: Carrying a Book; Discussion; Primitive and Derived Fluents; Example: Device; Release Axioms and State Constraints; Example: Carrying a Book Revisited; Effect Constraints; Example: Carrying a Book Revisited; Causal Constraints; Example: Thielscher's Circuit; Trigger Axioms; Example: Thielscher's Circuit with Delays; Example: Shanahan's Circuit with Delays; Bibliographic Notes; Exercises; 7 Continuous Change 327 $aTrajectory Axioms 330 $aTo endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing 606 $aCommonsense reasoning$xAutomation 606 $aArtificial intelligence$xMathematics 606 $aLogic, Symbolic and mathematical$xData processing 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aCommonsense reasoning$xAutomation. 615 0$aArtificial intelligence$xMathematics. 615 0$aLogic, Symbolic and mathematical$xData processing. 676 $a153.4/3 700 $aMueller$b Erik T$0898871 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910458662903321 996 $aCommonsense reasoning$92008260 997 $aUNINA