LEADER 04395nam 22006375 450 001 9910452792503321 005 20210707115038.0 010 $a0-8014-6714-4 010 $a0-8014-6715-2 024 7 $a10.7591/9780801467158 035 $a(CKB)2550000001038577 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10649614 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000870536 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11543140 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000870536 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10819230 035 $a(PQKB)11726259 035 $a(DE-B1597)515853 035 $a(OCoLC)1083627226 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780801467158 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3138422 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001038577 100 $a20190920d2013 fg 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||#|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Order of Genocide $eRace, Power, and War in Rwanda /$fScott Straus 210 1$aIthaca, NY :$cCornell University Press,$d[2013] 210 4$d©2013 215 $a1 online resource (290 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a1-322-50469-5 311 $a0-8014-7492-2 327 $tFrontmatter --$tContents --$tPreface and Acknowledgments --$tIntroduction --$t1. Background to the Genocide --$t2. Genocide at the National and Regional Levels --$t3. Local Dynamics --$t4. The Génocidaires --$t5. Why Perpetrators Say They Committed Genocide --$t6. The Logic of Genocide --$t7. Historical Patterns of Violence --$t8. Rwanda's Leviathan --$tConclusion --$tAppendix --$tIndex 330 $aThe Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination?According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence.Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research-including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators-to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators.In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history-the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans-and assessing the future likelihood of such events. 606 $aHISTORY$2bisac 606 $aAfrica / Central$2bisac 606 $aGenocide$zRwanda 606 $aHistory & Archaeology$2HILCC 606 $aRegions & Countries - Africa$2HILCC 615 7$aHISTORY 615 7$aAfrica / Central 615 0$aGenocide 615 7$aHistory & Archaeology 615 7$aRegions & Countries - Africa 676 $a967.57104/31 686 $aMI 55096$2rvk 700 $aStraus$b Scott$0790631 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452792503321 996 $aThe Order of Genocide$92485207 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03026nam 22006134a 450 001 9910458141303321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-02052-4 010 $a9786611020521 010 $a0-08-052189-4 035 $a(CKB)1000000000363909 035 $a(EBL)298276 035 $a(OCoLC)437182444 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000160383 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11159341 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000160383 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10182513 035 $a(PQKB)11488467 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC298276 035 $a(PPN)167336193 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL298276 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10175697 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL102052 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000363909 100 $a20040218d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFuzzy logic in geology$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by Robert V. Demicco and George J. Klir 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aBoston $cElsevier Academic Press$dc2004 215 $a1 online resource (374 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-415146-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Fuzzy Logic in Geology; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; Foreword; Preface; Glossary of Symbols; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Fuzzy Logic: A Specialized Tutorial; Chapter 3. Fuzzy Logic and Earth Science: An Overview; Chapter 4. Fuzzy Logic in Geological Sciences: A Literature Review; Chapter 5. Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Stratigraphic Modeling; Chapter 6. Fuzzy Logic in Hydrology and Water Resources; Chapter 7. Formal Concept Analysis in Geology; Chapter 8. Fuzzy Logic and Earthquake Research; Chapter 9. Fuzzy Transform: Application to the Reef Growth Problem 327 $aChapter 10. Ancient Sea Level EstimationAcknowledgments; Index; Color Plates Section 330 $aWhat is fuzzy logic?--a system of concepts and methods for exploring modes of reasoning that are approximate rather than exact. While the engineering community has appreciated the advances in understanding using fuzzy logic for quite some time, fuzzy logic's impact in non-engineering disciplines is only now being recognized. The authors of Fuzzy Logic in Geology attend to this growing interest in the subject and introduce the use of fuzzy set theory in a style geoscientists can understand. This is followed by individual chapters on topics relevant to earth scientists: sediment modeling, 606 $aGeology$xMathematics 606 $aFuzzy logic 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aGeology$xMathematics. 615 0$aFuzzy logic. 676 $a550/.1/511313 701 $aDemicco$b Robert V$0724350 701 $aKlir$b George J.$f1932-$027781 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910458141303321 996 $aFuzzy logic in geology$92064179 997 $aUNINA