LEADER 04898nam 2200769Ia 450 001 9910457953103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8014-6290-8 010 $a0-8014-6289-4 024 7 $a10.7591/9780801462894 035 $a(CKB)2550000000063218 035 $a(OCoLC)763161315 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10508786 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000534523 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11347202 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000534523 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10518135 035 $a(PQKB)10941112 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0001496040 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3138260 035 $a(OCoLC)1080549839 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse58296 035 $a(DE-B1597)478598 035 $a(OCoLC)1002263439 035 $a(OCoLC)1004885653 035 $a(OCoLC)1011472745 035 $a(OCoLC)979590744 035 $a(OCoLC)987944996 035 $a(OCoLC)992506606 035 $a(OCoLC)999378640 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780801462894 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3138260 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10508786 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL767986 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000063218 100 $a20110511d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBitter choices$b[electronic resource] $eloyalty and betrayal in the Russian conquest of the North Caucasus /$fMichael Khodarkovsky 210 $aIthaca $cCornell University Press$d2011 215 $a1 online resource (213 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8014-7952-5 311 $a0-8014-4972-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tList of Maps --$tAcknowledgments --$tAbbreviations --$tIntroduction --$t1. The Frontiers of the North Caucasus --$t2. Atarshchikov's Childhood --$t3. Journey through the Northeast Caucasus --$t4. Inside Ermolov's "Iron Fist" --$t5. St. Petersburg and Poland --$t6. Return to the North Caucasus --$t7. Interpreter and Administrator --$t8. Russian Policies and Alternatives --$t9. The First Desertion --$t10. From Semën Atarshchikov to Hajret Muhammed --$tConclusion --$tNotes --$tGlossary --$tBibliography --$tIndex 330 $aRussia's attempt to consolidate its authority in the North Caucasus has exerted a terrible price on both sides since the mid-nineteenth century. Michael Khodarkovsky's book tells the story of a single man with multiple allegiances and provides a concise and compelling history of the mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas. After forays beginning in the late 1500's, Russia tenuously conquered the peoples of the region in the 1850's; the campaign was defined by a cruelty on both sides that established a pattern repeated in our own time, particularly in Chechnya. At the center of Khodarkovsky's sweeping account is Semen Atarshchikov (1807-1845). His father was a Chechen translator in the Russian army, and Atarshchikov grew up with roots in both Russian and Chechen cultures. His facility with local languages earned him quick promotion in the Russian army. Atarshchikov enjoyed the confidence of his superiors, yet he saw the violence that the Russians inflicted on the native population and was torn between his duties as a Russian officer and his affinity with the highlanders. Twice he deserted the army to join the highlanders in raids against his former colleagues. In the end he was betrayed by a compatriot who sought to gain favor with the Russians by killing the infamous Atarshchikov. Khodarkovsky places Atarshchikov's life in a rich context: we learn a great deal about the region's geography, its peoples, their history, and their conflicts with both the Russians and one another. Khodarkovsky reveals disputes among the Russian commanders and the policies they advocated; some argued for humane approaches but always lost out to those who preferred more violent means. Like Hadji Murat-the hero of Tolstoy's last great work-Atarshchikov moved back and forth between Russian and local allegiances; his biography is the story of the North Caucasus, one as relevant today as in the nineteenth century. 606 $aRevolutionaries$zRussia (Federation)$zCaucasus, Northern$vBiography 606 $aCossacks$zRussia (Federation)$zCaucasus, Northern$vBiography 607 $aCaucasus, Northern (Russia)$xHistory$xAutonomy and independence movements 607 $aCaucasus, Northern (Russia)$xHistory$y19th century 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aRevolutionaries 615 0$aCossacks 676 $a947.5/207 686 $aNP 6002$2rvk 700 $aKhodarkovsky$b Michael$f1955-$01037557 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457953103321 996 $aBitter choices$92458604 997 $aUNINA