LEADER 03816nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910457935403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-59709-7 010 $a9786613626929 010 $a3-11-027293-8 010 $a3-11-027292-X 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110272925 035 $a(CKB)2550000000083722 035 $a(EBL)848989 035 $a(OCoLC)775302039 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000614516 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11440169 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000614516 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10605310 035 $a(PQKB)11154258 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC848989 035 $a(DE-B1597)174276 035 $a(OCoLC)785782864 035 $a(OCoLC)987932205 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110272925 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL848989 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10534155 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL362692 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000083722 100 $a20110713d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aQuantitative syntax analysis$b[electronic resource] /$fby Reinhard Ko?hler 210 $aBerlin ;$aBoston $cDe Gruyter Mouton$dc2012 215 $a1 online resource (236 p.) 225 1 $aQuantitative linguistics,$x0179-3616 ;$v65 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-11-027219-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [205]-216) and indexes. 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tPreface -- $tContents -- $t1. Introduction -- $t2. The quantitative analysis of language and text -- $t3. Empirical analysis and mathematical modelling -- $t4. Hypotheses, laws, and theory -- $tReferences -- $tSubject index -- $tAuthor index 330 $aThis is the first book which brings together the fields of theoretical and empirical studies in syntax on the one hand and the methodology of quantitative linguistics on the other hand. The author provides the theoretical background for this enterprise on the basis of the philosophy of science and of linguistic considerations including a discussion of Chomsky's attitude against the application of statistical methods to syntactic phenomena. He gives a short introduction into the aims and methods of the quantitative approach to linguistics in general and to syntax in particular. The following chapters inform the reader about the measurement of syntactic properties, possibilities to acquire empirical data from syntactically annotated text corpora and the most common mathematical models and methods for the analysis of syntactic and syntagmatic material. Then, a number of prominent approaches and hypotheses about interrelations between properties of syntactic constructions are presented and evaluated on material from various languages and text kinds. Finally, the theory of synergetic linguistics and its application to syntax is introduced including the integration of such famous hypotheses as Yngve's depth hypothesis and Hawkins's "Early immediate constituent" principle. The book concludes with a number of perspectives with respect to follow-up studies and extensions to the presented models with interfaces to neighbouring disciplines. 410 0$aQuantitative linguistics ;$vv. 65. 606 $aGrammar, Comparative and general$xSyntax 606 $aComputational linguistics 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aGrammar, Comparative and general$xSyntax. 615 0$aComputational linguistics. 676 $a415.01/51 686 $aET 610$2rvk 700 $aKo?hler$b Reinhard$0390954 701 $aAltmann$b Gabriel$0683189 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457935403321 996 $aQuantitative syntax analysis$92441028 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05442nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910829934703321 005 20230422042742.0 010 $a1-282-78331-9 010 $a9786612783319 010 $a0-470-93540-5 010 $a1-59124-591-5 010 $a0-470-93539-1 035 $a(CKB)111086367653202 035 $a(EBL)589011 035 $a(OCoLC)53150604 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000071474 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11111752 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000071474 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10090203 035 $a(PQKB)11470209 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC589011 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111086367653202 100 $a19990604d1999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAvoiding static ignition hazards in chemical operations$b[electronic resource] /$fLaurence G. Britton 210 $aNew York $cCenter for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers$dc1999 215 $a1 online resource (304 p.) 225 1 $aCCPS concept book 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8169-0800-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aAvoiding Static Ignition Hazards in Chemical Operations: A CCPS Concept Book; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1-1. Purpose; 1-2. Exclusions; 1-3. Units; 1-4. Organization of the Book; 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY; 2-1. What Is Static Electricity?; 2-1.1. Charge Separation; 2-1.2. Magnitude of Current and Potential; 2-1.3. Concentration of Charged Species; 2-1.4. Importance of Trace Contaminants; 2-1.5. Hazard Evaluation; 2-1.6. Statistics; 2-2. Charge Generation; 2-2.1. Induction Charging; 2-2.2. Ionic Charging; 2-3. Charge Dissipation 327 $a2-3.1. Variability of Conductivity2-4. Charge Accumulation; 2-5. Ignition; 2-5.1. Effective Energy; 2-6. Static Discharges; 2-6.1. Corona Discharge; 2-6.2. Brush Discharge; 2-6.3. Bulking Brush Discharge; 2-6.4. Spark Discharge; 2-6.5. Propagating Brush Discharge (PBD); 2-6.6. Surface Streamer; 2-7. Personnel Spark and Shock Hazards; 2-7.1. Body Capacitance and Resistance; 2-7.2. Voltage (V) and Energy (W) Attained; 2-7.3. Human Shock Response; 3 EVALUATING THE HAZARD OF STATIC ELECTRICITY; 3-1. General; 3-2. Hazard Identification Methods; 3-2.1. Decision Trees; 3-3. Charge Accumulation 327 $a3-3.1. Conductive Objects3-3.2. Nonconductive Objects; 3-4. Energy Estimates; 3-4.1. Charge Sharing; 3-5. Instrumentation; 3-5.1. Charge; 3-5.2. Electric Field; 3-5.3. Potential; 3-5.4. Ignition Energy; 3-5.5. Conductivity of Liquids; 3-5.6. Resistivity of Solids; 3-5.7. Resistance; 3-6. Direct Observation of Discharges; 3-7. Radio Frequency Detection of Discharges; 3-8. Measuring the Effective Energy of Nonspark Discharges; 3-8.1. Gas Composition; 4 CONTROLLING ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS; 4-1. Bonding and Grounding; 4-1.1. Definitions; 4-1.2. Purpose of Bonding and Grounding 327 $a4-1.3. Resistance to Ground4-1.4. Bonding and Grounding Systems; 4-1.5. Ground Rods; 4-1.6. Grounding and Cathodic Protection; 4-2. Control of Charge Relaxation; 4-2.1. Increase of Conductivity; 4-2.2. Charge Neutralizers; 4-3. Control of Personnel Charging; 4-3.1. Personnel Grounding; 4-3.2. Clothing; 4-3.3. Gloves; 4-4. Control of Flammable Atmospheres; 4-4.1. Liquid Nitrogen/Liquid Air Hazards; 5 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, VAPORS, AND GASES; 5-1. Ignition Hazards of Liquid Vapor and Mist; 5-1.1. Flammable Liquid; 5-1.2. Flammable Limits; 5-1.3. Liquid Mist; 5-1.4. Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) 327 $a5-1.5. Explosion Prevention Systems5-2. Generation and Relaxation (Loss) of Charge in Liquid Systems; 5-2.1. Charge Generation; 5-2.2. Charge Density; 5-2.3. Factors Influencing Charge Generation; 5-2.4. Charge Relaxation; 5-2.5. Classification of Liquids based on Conductivity; 5-2.6. Antistatic Additives; 5-2.7. Bonding and Grounding; 5-3. Flow in Pipe, Hose, and Tubing; 5-3.1. Metallic Piping Systems; 5-3.2. Nonconductive Pipe and Linings; 5-3.3. Flexible Hoses; 5-3.4. Dip Pipes; 5-3.5. Filters and Relaxation Tanks; 5-3.6. Suspended Material; 5-3.7. Valves and Other Line Restrictions 327 $a5-4. Filling Criteria for Tank Operations 330 $aWritten by Laurence Britton, who has over 20 years' experience in the fields of static ignition and process fire and explosion hazards research, this resource addresses an area not extensively covered in process safety standards or literature: understanding and reducing potential hazards associated with static electricity. The book covers the nature of static electricity, characteristics and effective energies of different static resources, techniques for evaluating static electricity hazards, general bonding, grounding, and other techniques used to control static or prevent ignition, gases an 410 0$aCCPS concept book. 606 $aElectrostatics 606 $aChemical plants$xSafety measures 615 0$aElectrostatics. 615 0$aChemical plants$xSafety measures. 676 $a660.2804 676 $a660/.2804 700 $aBritton$b Laurence G.$f1951-$0946862 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910829934703321 996 $aAvoiding static ignition hazards in chemical operations$92139174 997 $aUNINA