LEADER 03347nam 2200661 a 450 001 9910457399103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-59650-3 010 $a9786613626332 010 $a0-253-00533-7 035 $a(CKB)2550000000073874 035 $a(EBL)670290 035 $a(OCoLC)769101865 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000565702 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11391979 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000565702 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10532893 035 $a(PQKB)10866353 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC670290 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse19953 035 $a(PPN)168679531 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL670290 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10519688 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL362633 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000073874 100 $a20110531d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aForerunners of mammals$b[electronic resource] $eradiation, histology, biology /$fedited by Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan 210 $aBloomington $cIndiana University Press$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (373 p.) 225 1 $aLife of the past 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-253-35697-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Preface; Acknowledgments; List of Contributors; 1 The Origin and Radiation of Therapsids; 2 Therapsid Biodiversity Patterns and Paleoenvironments of the Karoo Basin, South Africa; 3 The Microstructure of Bones and Teeth of Nonmammalian Therapsids; 4 The Paleobiology and Bone Microstructure of Pelycosaurian-Grade Synapsids; 5 Dicynodont Growth Dynamics and Lifestyle Adaptations; 6 Biological Inferences of the Cranial Microstructure of the Dicynodonts Oudenodon and Lystrosaurus; 7 Bone and Dental Histology of Late Triassic Dicynodonts from North America 327 $a8 Bone Histology of Some Therocephalians and Gorgonopsians, and Evidence of Bone Degradation by Fungi9 The Radiation and Osteohistology of Nonmammaliaform Cynodonts; 10 The Radiation, Bone Histology, and Biology of Early Mammals; 11 The Evolution of Mammalian Endothermy; References; Index 330 $aAbout 320 million years ago a group of reptiles known as the synapsids emerged and forever changed Earth's ecological landscapes. This book discusses the origin and radiation of the synapsids from their sail-backed pelycosaur ancestor to their diverse descendants, the therapsids or mammal-like reptiles, that eventually gave rise to mammals. It further showcases the remarkable evolutionary history of the synapsids in the Karoo Basin of South Africa and the environments that existed at the time. By highlighting studies of synapsid bone microstructure, it offers a unique perspective of how suc 410 0$aLife of the past. 606 $aReptiles, Fossil 606 $aMammals$xEvolution 606 $aBones$xHistology 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aReptiles, Fossil. 615 0$aMammals$xEvolution. 615 0$aBones$xHistology. 676 $a567.9/3 701 $aChinsamy-Turan$b Anusuya$0857344 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457399103321 996 $aForerunners of mammals$91914292 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05668nam 2200769Ia 450 001 9911019792703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786613905420 010 $a9781118443385 010 $a1118443381 010 $a9781283592970 010 $a1283592975 010 $a9781118443378 010 $a1118443373 010 $a9781118443309 010 $a1118443306 010 $a9781118443316 010 $a1118443314 035 $a(CKB)2670000000238809 035 $a(EBL)1013404 035 $a(OCoLC)817811880 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000714840 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11956063 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000714840 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10700183 035 $a(PQKB)11327065 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1013404 035 $a(Perlego)1011175 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000238809 100 $a20120430d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aXFEM fracture analysis of composites /$fSoheil Mohammadi 210 $aChichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom $cJohn Wiley & Sons Inc.$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (401 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781119974062 311 08$a1119974062 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aXFEM FRACTUREANALYSIS OFCOMPOSITES; Contents; Preface; Nomenclature; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Composite Structures; 1.2 Failures of Composites; 1.2.1 Matrix Cracking; 1.2.2 Delamination; 1.2.3 Fibre/Matrix Debonding; 1.2.4 Fibre Breakage; 1.2.5 Macro Models of Cracking in Composites; 1.3 Crack Analysis; 1.3.1 Local and Non-Local Formulations; 1.3.2 Theoretical Methods for Failure Analysis; 1.4 Analytical Solutions for Composites; 1.4.1 Continuum Models; 1.4.2 Fracture Mechanics of Composites; 1.5 Numerical Techniques; 1.5.1 Boundary Element Method; 1.5.2 Finite Element Method 327 $a1.5.3 Adaptive Finite/Discrete Element Method1.5.4 Meshless Methods; 1.5.5 Extended Finite Element Method; 1.5.6 Extended Isogeometric Analysis; 1.5.7 Multiscale Analysis; 1.6 Scope of the Book; 2 Fracture Mechanics, A Review; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Basics of Elasticity; 2.2.1 Stress-Strain Relations; 2.2.2 Airy Stress Function; 2.2.3 Complex Stress Functions; 2.3 Basics of LEFM; 2.3.1 Fracture Mechanics; 2.3.2 Infinite Tensile Plate with a Circular Hole; 2.3.3 Infinite Tensile Plate with an Elliptical Hole; 2.3.4 Westergaard Analysis of a Line Crack; 2.3.5 Williams Solution of a Wedge Corner 327 $a2.4 Stress Intensity Factor, K2.4.1 Definition of the Stress Intensity Factor; 2.4.2 Examples of Stress Intensity Factors for LEFM; 2.4.3 Griffith Energy Theories; 2.4.4 Mixed Mode Crack Propagation; 2.5 Classical Solution Procedures for K and G; 2.5.1 Displacement Extrapolation/Correlation Method; 2.5.2 Mode I Energy Release Rate; 2.5.3 Mode I Stiffness Derivative/Virtual Crack Model; 2.5.4 Two Virtual Crack Extensions for Mixed Mode Cases; 2.5.5 Single Virtual Crack Extension Based on Displacement Decomposition; 2.6 Quarter Point Singular Elements; 2.7 J Integral; 2.7.1 Generalization of J 327 $a2.7.2 Effect of Crack Surface Traction2.7.3 Effect of Body Force; 2.7.4 Equivalent Domain Integral (EDI) Method; 2.7.5 Interaction Integral Method; 2.8 Elastoplastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM); 2.8.1 Plastic Zone; 2.8.2 Crack-Tip Opening Displacements (CTOD); 2.8.3 J Integral for EPFM; 3 Extended Finite Element Method; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Historic Development of XFEM; 3.2.1 A Review of XFEM Development; 3.2.2 A Review of XFEM Composite Analysis; 3.3 Enriched Approximations; 3.3.1 Partition of Unity; 3.3.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Enrichments; 3.3.3 Partition of Unity Finite Element Method 327 $a3.3.4 MLS Enrichment3.3.5 Generalized Finite Element Method; 3.3.6 Extended Finite Element Method; 3.3.7 Generalized PU Enrichment; 3.4 XFEM Formulation; 3.4.1 Basic XFEM Approximation; 3.4.2 Signed Distance Function; 3.4.3 Modelling the Crack; 3.4.4 Governing Equation; 3.4.5 XFEM Discretization; 3.4.6 Evaluation of Derivatives of Enrichment Functions; 3.4.7 Selection of Nodes for Discontinuity Enrichment; 3.4.8 Numerical Integration; 3.5 XFEM Strong Discontinuity Enrichments; 3.5.1 A Modified FE Shape Function; 3.5.2 The Heaviside Function; 3.5.3 The Sign Function 327 $a3.5.4 Strong Tangential Discontinuity 330 $a This book describes the basics and developments of the new XFEM approach to fracture analysis of composite structures and materials. It provides state of the art techniques and algorithms for fracture analysis of structures including numeric examples at the end of each chapter as well as an accompanying website which will include MATLAB resources, executables, data files, and simulation procedures of XFEM. The first reference text for the extended finite element method (XFEM) for fracture analysis of structures and materialsIncludes theory and applications, with worked n 606 $aComposite materials$xFracture 606 $aComposite materials$xFatigue 606 $aFracture mechanics 606 $aFinite element method 615 0$aComposite materials$xFracture. 615 0$aComposite materials$xFatigue. 615 0$aFracture mechanics. 615 0$aFinite element method. 676 $a620.1/186 686 $aSCI041000$2bisacsh 700 $aMohammadi$b S$g(Soheil)$0475363 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911019792703321 996 $aXFEM fracture analysis of composites$94418128 997 $aUNINA