LEADER 05785nam 2200721Ia 450 001 9910457257803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-8097-4 035 $a(CKB)2550000000073471 035 $a(EBL)868325 035 $a(OCoLC)767952970 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000565161 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12185344 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000565161 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10527634 035 $a(PQKB)10655544 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC868325 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL868325 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10516162 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000073471 100 $a20110624d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSkills, not just diplomas$b[electronic resource] $emanaging education for results in Eastern Europe and Central Asia /$fLars Sondergaard and Mamta Murthi ; with Dina Abu-Ghaida, Christian Bodewig, and Jan Rutkowski 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cWorld Bank$dc2012 215 $a1 online resource (272 p.) 225 1 $aDirections in development. Human development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-8096-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Overview; The Skills Challenge; Why Are Skills an Emerging Problem if Education Systems Are Delivering?; Priority Areas for Action; Managing Education Systems for Results; Build the Foundations of Adult Learning Systems; Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 1 The Demand for Skills in ECA; Background: The Demand for Highly Skilled Labor in the Global Knowledge Economy; Demand for Skilled Labor Has Risen in the ECA Region; Unemployment Patterns in ECA Countries Confirm the Demand for Skilled Labor; Wages Have Risen for Skilled Labor 327 $aLack of Needed Skills Is Impeding Enterprise GrowthSkills Mismatch in the ECA Region; Summary; Notes; Chapter 2 Education and the Supply of Skills to the ECA Market; Background: The Global Knowledge Economy Requires Lifelong Learning; Formal Education in ECA Countries: High Attainment and Good Quality Relative to Current Income Levels; Why Are Skills Emerging as a Problem if Education Systems Are Delivering?; Students May Not Be Acquiring the Right Skills; Adult Learning Is Limited in the Region; Summary; Annex 2A: Education Systems in ECA Today; Notes 327 $aChapter 3 Resolving the Skills Shortage in the ECA Region: A Policy FrameworkOperating in the Dark: Ministries Know Too Little to Effectively Manage the Education Sector; Legacy of Central Planning; Inefficient Use of Funds; Addressing the Skills Challenge; Summary; Notes; Chapter 4 Managing for Results at the Pre-University Level of Education; Track Student Learning and Employment Outcomes; Expand Autonomy in Exchange for Accountability for Results; Improve the Efficiency of Resource Use; Summary; Notes; Chapter 5 Managing for Results in the Tertiary Education Sector 327 $aIntroduce Learning Assessments and Track Employment OutcomesStrengthen Accountability; Introduce Performance-Based Financing and Encourage Private Funding Resources; Summary; Notes; Chapter 6 Advancing Adult Learning in ECA; Building the Foundations for Adult Learning Systems; Promote Autonomy and Accountability of both Public and Private Providers; Ensure the Efficiency of Sector Financing; Continued Government Role in Retraining and Education for the Unemployed; Priorities for Adult Education and Training Systems in ECA Countries; Summary; Notes 327 $aChapter 7 Extended Summary: The Path for Education Reforms in the ECA RegionThe Skills Challenge in the ECA Region; Why Are Skills an Emerging Problem if Education Systems Are Delivering?; Priority Areas for Action; Managing Education Systems for Results; Build the Foundations of Adult Learning Systems; Summary; Notes; References; Boxes; 2.1 Defining "Skills," "Competencies," and Other Terms; 2.2 Testing for Reading Competency in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA); 2.3 Turkey: Many Students Fail to Acquire Even the Most Basic Proficiencies 327 $a2.4 Russia: Building Higher-Order Skills Is Proving Difficult 330 $aFuture growth in the countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) will increasingly depend on innovation. And innovation requires skills. This makes it important, as countries plan for recovery, to undertake reforms to reduce the skills shortages that the previous growth episode exposed.Education systems have a very important role to play in creating the right skills. But education systems in the region fall short of the demands of their economies in two major ways. The first is that despite high levels of enrollment they do not produce enough graduates with the right skills. 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