LEADER 04346nam 2200721Ia 450 001 9910457138003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-45859-0 010 $a9786612458590 010 $a1-4008-3198-9 024 7 $a10.1515/9781400831982 035 $a(CKB)2550000000000339 035 $a(EBL)483591 035 $a(OCoLC)593215217 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000335169 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11273989 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000335169 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10273591 035 $a(PQKB)11562403 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC483591 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse36653 035 $a(DE-B1597)446650 035 $a(OCoLC)979579138 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781400831982 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL483591 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10364747 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL245859 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000000339 100 $a20090512d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|||||||nn|n 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBeyond the formalist-realist divide$b[electronic resource] $ethe role of politics in judging /$fBrian Z. Tamanaha 205 $aCourse Book 210 $aPrinceton, NJ $cPrinceton University Press$dc2010 215 $a1 online resource (265 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-691-14279-3 311 $a0-691-14280-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tAcknowledgments --$t1. Introduction --$tPart One. The Legal Formalists --$t2. The Myth about Beliefs in the Common Law --$t3. The Myth about "Mechanical Jurisprudence" --$t4. The Holes in the Story about Legal Formalism --$tPart Two. The Legal Realists --$t5. Realism before the Legal Realists --$t6. A Reconstruction of Legal Realism --$tPart Three. Studies of Judging --$t7. The Slant in the "Judicial Politics" Field --$t8. What Quantitative Studies of Judging Have Found --$tPart Four. Legal Theory --$t9. The Emptiness of "Formalism" in Legal Theory --$t10. Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide --$tAfterword --$tNotes --$tIndex 330 $aAccording to conventional wisdom in American legal culture, the 1870's to 1920's was the age of legal formalism, when judges believed that the law was autonomous and logically ordered, and that they mechanically deduced right answers in cases. In the 1920's and 1930's, the story continues, the legal realists discredited this view by demonstrating that the law is marked by gaps and contradictions, arguing that judges construct legal justifications to support desired outcomes. This often-repeated historical account is virtually taken for granted today, and continues to shape understandings about judging. In this groundbreaking book, esteemed legal theorist Brian Tamanaha thoroughly debunks the formalist-realist divide. Drawing from extensive research into the writings of judges and scholars, Tamanaha shows how, over the past century and a half, jurists have regularly expressed a balanced view of judging that acknowledges the limitations of law and of judges, yet recognizes that judges can and do render rule-bound decisions. He reveals how the story about the formalist age was an invention of politically motivated critics of the courts, and how it has led to significant misunderstandings about legal realism. Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide traces how this false tale has distorted studies of judging by political scientists and debates among legal theorists. Recovering a balanced realism about judging, this book fundamentally rewrites legal history and offers a fresh perspective for theorists, judges, and practitioners of law. 606 $aJudges$zUnited States 606 $aJudicial process$zUnited States 606 $aLaw$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aLaw$zUnited States$xPhilosophy 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aJudges 615 0$aJudicial process 615 0$aLaw$xPolitical aspects 615 0$aLaw$xPhilosophy. 676 $a347.73/14 686 $aMG 70800$2rvk 700 $aTamanaha$b Brian Z$0256838 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457138003321 996 $aBeyond the formalist-realist divide$92489203 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04785nam 22006854a 450 001 9911019439603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786610520725 010 $a9781280520723 010 $a1280520728 010 $a9783527605781 010 $a3527605789 010 $a9783527602438 010 $a3527602437 035 $a(CKB)1000000000019363 035 $a(EBL)482375 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000117716 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11135316 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000117716 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10042911 035 $a(PQKB)10924888 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC482375 035 $a(PPN)150812272 035 $a(OCoLC)85820207 035 $a(Perlego)2753979 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000019363 100 $a20040316d2003 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aCarbohydrate-based drug discovery /$fChi-Huey Wong (ed.) 210 $aWeinheim ;$a[New York] $cWiley-VCH$dc2003 215 $a1 online resource (981 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9783527306329 311 08$a3527306323 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCarbohydrate-based Drug Discovery; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; Volume 1; 1 Synthetic Methodologies; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Tactical Analysis for Overall Synthetic Efficiency; 1.3 Methodological Improvements; 1.3.1 Chemistry; 1.3.2 Protecting Group Manipulations; 1.3.3 Modulation of the Reactivity of Glycosyl Donors; 1.3.4 Block Synthesis; 1.4 Accessibility; 1.4.1 Solution-based Chemistry; 1.4.2 One-Pot Glycosylation; 1.4.3 Solid-Phase Chemistry; 1.4.3.1 Fundamentals of Solid-Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis; 1.4.3.2 The Support; 1.4.3.3 Linkers to the Support 327 $a1.4.3.4 Protecting Groups used in Solid-Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis1.4.3.5 Solid-Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis; 1.4.3.6 Monitoring of Reaction Progress; 1.4.4 Automation; 1.5 Concluding Remarks; 1.6 References; 2 Complex Carbohydrate Synthesis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Synthetic Gangliosides; 2.2.1 Gangliosides GM4 and GM3, and their Analogues and Derivatives; 2.2.2 Sialylparagloboside (SPG) Analogues and Derivatives; 2.2.3 Selectin Ligands; 2.2.3.1 Sialyl Lewis x; 2.2.3.2 Novel 6-Sulfo sLe(x) Variants; 2.2.4 Siglec Ligands; 2.2.4.1 Chol-1 (?-Series) Gangliosides 327 $a2.2.4.2 Novel Sulfated Gangliosides2.3 Toxin Receptor; 2.4 Summary and Perspectives; 2.5 References; 3 The Chemistry of Sialic Acid; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Sialic Acids; 3.3 Chemical Glycosidation of Sialic Acids; 3.3.1 Direct Chemical Sialylations; 3.3.1.1 2-Chloro Derivatives as Glycosyl Donors; 3.3.1.2 2-Thio Derivatives as Glycosyl Donors; 3.3.1.3 2-Xanthates as Glycosyl Donors; 3.3.1.3 2-Phosphites as Glycosyl Donors; 3.3.1.4 Miscellaneous Direct Chemical Methods; 3.3.2 Indirect Chemical Methods with the Use of a Participating Auxiliary at C-3 327 $a4.3.2 Immobilization of the Glycosyl Donor4.3.3 Bi-directional Strategy; 4.4 Support Materials; 4.4.1 Insoluble Supports; 4.4.2 Soluble Supports; 4.5 Linkers; 4.5.1 Silyl Ethers; 4.5.2 Acid- and Base-Labile Linkers; 4.5.3 Thioglycoside Linkers; 4.5.4 Linkers Cleaved by Oxidation; 4.5.5 Photocleavable Linkers; 4.5.6 Linkers Cleaved by Olefin Metathesis; 4.6 Synthesis of Oligosaccharides on Solid Support by Use of Different Glycosylating Agents; 4.6.1 1,2-Anhydrosugars - The Glycal Assembly Approach; 4.6.2 Glycosyl Sulfoxides; 4.6.3 Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates; 4.6.4 Thioglycosides 327 $a4.6.5 Glycosyl Fluorides 330 $aTo exploit the full potential of this diverse compound class for the development of novel active substances, this handbook presents the latest knowledge on carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. While it is unique in covering the entire field, particular emphasis is placed on carbohydrates with pharmaceutical potential.Topics include the following:> Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrates> Carbohydrate Biosynthesis and Metabolism> Carbohydrate Analysis> Cellular Functions of Carbohydrates> Development of Carbohydrate-based DrugsA premier resource for carbohydrate chem 606 $aCarbohydrate drugs 606 $aCarbohydrates$xSynthesis 606 $aGlycoconjugates$xPhysiological effect 615 0$aCarbohydrate drugs. 615 0$aCarbohydrates$xSynthesis. 615 0$aGlycoconjugates$xPhysiological effect. 676 $a615/.7 701 $aWong$b Chi-Huey$091674 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911019439603321 996 $aCarbohydrate-based drug discovery$9752768 997 $aUNINA