LEADER 04272nam 22006735 450 001 9910457071303321 005 20210114052323.0 010 $a1-283-21183-1 010 $a9786613211835 010 $a0-8122-0269-4 024 7 $a10.9783/9780812202694 035 $a(CKB)2550000000051187 035 $a(OCoLC)759158182 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10491904 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000543405 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11324889 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000543405 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10531050 035 $a(PQKB)10701523 035 $a(DE-B1597)449125 035 $a(OCoLC)979778887 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780812202694 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3441447 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000051187 100 $a20190708d2010 fg 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Crusades and the Christian World of the East $eRough Tolerance /$fChristopher MacEvitt 210 1$aPhiladelphia : $cUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, $d[2010] 210 4$dİ2008 215 $a1 online resource (281 p.) 225 0 $aThe Middle Ages Series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8122-2083-8 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tContents -- $tNote on Transliteration and Names -- $tMap -- $tIntroduction -- $tChapter 1. Satan Unleashed: The Christian Levant in the Eleventh Century -- $tChapter 2. Close Encounters of the Ambiguous Kind: When Crusaders and Locals Meet -- $tChapter 3. Images of Authority in Edessa, 1100-1150 -- $tChapter 4. Rough Tolerance and Ecclesiastical Ignorance -- $tChapter 5. The Legal and Social Status of Local Inhabitants in the Frankish Levant -- $tChapter 6. The Price of Unity: Ecumenical Negotiations and the End of Rough Tolerance -- $tNotes -- $tBibliography -- $tIndex -- $tAcknowledgments 330 $aIn the wake of Jerusalem's fall in 1099, the crusading armies of western Christians known as the Franks found themselves governing not only Muslims and Jews but also local Christians, whose culture and traditions were a world apart from their own. The crusader-occupied swaths of Syria and Palestine were home to many separate Christian communities: Greek and Syrian Orthodox, Armenians, and other sects with sharp doctrinal differences. How did these disparate groups live together under Frankish rule?In The Crusades and the Christian World of the East, Christopher MacEvitt marshals an impressive array of literary, legal, artistic, and archeological evidence to demonstrate how crusader ideology and religious difference gave rise to a mode of coexistence he calls "rough tolerance." The twelfth-century Frankish rulers of the Levant and their Christian subjects were separated by language, religious practices, and beliefs. Yet western Christians showed little interest in such differences. Franks intermarried with local Christians and shared shrines and churches, but they did not hesitate to use military force against Christian communities. Rough tolerance was unlike other medieval modes of dealing with religious difference, and MacEvitt illuminates the factors that led to this striking divergence."It is commonplace to discuss the diversity of the Middle East in terms of Muslims, Jews, and Christians," MacEvitt writes, "yet even this simplifies its religious complexity." While most crusade history has focused on Christian-Muslim encounters, MacEvitt offers an often surprising account by examining the intersection of the Middle Eastern and Frankish Christian worlds during the century of the First Crusade. 606 $aRELIGION$2bisac 606 $aHistory$2bisac 606 $aCrusades$xHistory 606 $aFranks 606 $aHistory & Archaeology$2HILCC 606 $aHistory - General$2HILCC 615 7$aRELIGION 615 7$aHistory 615 0$aCrusades$xHistory 615 0$aFranks 615 7$aHistory & Archaeology 615 7$aHistory - General 676 $a940.1 700 $aMacEvitt$b Christopher, $01050752 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457071303321 996 $aThe Crusades and the Christian World of the East$92480823 997 $aUNINA