LEADER 05647nam 2200733 a 450 001 9910455871903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-75991-4 010 $a9786612759918 010 $a1-84816-391-6 035 $a(CKB)2490000000001567 035 $a(EBL)1681319 035 $a(OCoLC)729020347 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000410758 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11913069 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000410758 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10351247 035 $a(PQKB)11740028 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1681319 035 $a(WSP)00000609 035 $a(PPN)153601558 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1681319 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10422283 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL275991 035 $a(EXLCZ)992490000000001567 100 $a20090930d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcuu|||uu||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$a4D electron microscopy$b[electronic resource] $eimaging in space and time /$fAhmed H. Zewail, John M. Thomas 210 $aLondon $cImperial College Press ;$aHackensack, NJ $cDistributed by World Scientific Pub.$dc2010 215 $a1 online resource (360 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-84816-400-9 311 $a1-84816-390-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aAcknowledgements; Preface; Contents; 1. Historical Perspectives: From Camera Obscura to 4D Imaging; References; 2. Concepts of Coherence: Optics, Diffraction, and Imaging; 2.1 Coherence - A Simplified Prelude; 2.2 Optical Coherence and Decoherence; 2.3 Coherence in Diffraction; 2.3.1 Rayleigh criterion and resolution; 2.3.2 Diffraction from atoms and molecules; 2.4 Coherence and Diffraction in Crystallography; 2.5 Coherence in Imaging; 2.5.1 Basic concepts; 2.5.2 Coherence of the source, lateral and temporal; 2.5.3 Imaging in electron microscopy; 2.6 Instrumental Factors Limiting Coherence 327 $aReferences 3. From 2D to 3D Structural Imaging: Salient Concepts; 3.1 2D and 3D Imaging; 3.2 Electron Crystallography: Combining Diffraction and Imaging; 3.3 High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy; 3.3.1 Use of STEM for electron tomography of inorganic materials; 3.4 Biological and Other Organic Materials; 3.4.1 Macromolecular architecture visualized by cryo-electron tomography; 3.5 Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging by Energy-Filtered TEM; 3.5.1 Combined EELS and ET in cellular biology; 3.6 Electron Holography; References 327 $a4. Applications of 2D and 3D Imaging and Related Techniques 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Real-Space Crystallography via HRTEM and HRSTEM; 4.2.1 Encapsulated nanocrystalline structures; 4.2.2 Nanocrystalline catalyst particles of platinum; 4.2.3 Microporous catalysts and molecular sieves; 4.2.4 Other zeolite structures; 4.2.5 Structures of complex catalytic oxides solved by HRSTEM; 4.2.6 The value of electron diffraction in solving 3D structures; 4.3 Electron Tomography; 4.4 Electron Holography; 4.5 Electron Crystallography; 4.5.1 Other complex inorganic structures; 4.5.2 Complex biological structures 327 $a4.6 Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging 4.7 Atomic Resolution in an Environmental TEM; 4.7.1 Atomic-scale electron microscopy at ambient pressure by exploiting the technology of microelectromechanical systems; References; 5. 4D Electron Imaging in Space and Time: Principles; 5.1 Atomic-Scale Resolution in Time; 5.1.1 Matter particle-wave duality; 5.1.2 Analogy with light; 5.1.3 Classical atoms: Wave packets; 5.1.4 Paradigm case study: Two atoms; 5.2 From Stop-Motion Photography to Ultrafast Imaging; 5.2.1 High-speed shutters; 5.2.2 Stroboscopy; 5.2.3 Ultrafast techniques 327 $a5.2.4 Ultrafast lasers 5.3 Single-Electron Imaging; 5.3.1 Coherence of ultrafast packets; 5.3.2 The double-slit experiment revisited; 5.3.3 Ultrafast versus fast imaging; 5.3.4 The velocity mismatch and attosecond regime; 5.4 4D Microscopy: Brightness, Coherence and Degeneracy; 5.4.1 Coherence volume and degeneracy; 5.4.2 Brightness and degeneracy; 5.4.3 Coherence and Contrast; 5.4.4 Contrast, dose, and resolution; Further Reading; References; 6. 4D Ultrafast Electron Imaging: Developments and Applications; 6.1 Developments at Caltech - A Brief History; 6.2 Instruments and Techniques 327 $a6.3 Structure, Morphology, and Mechanics 330 $aThe modern electron microscope, as a result of recent revolutionary developments and many evolutionary ones, now yields a wealth of quantitative knowledge pertaining to structure, dynamics, and function barely matched by any other single scientific instrument. It is also poised to contribute much new spatially-resolved and time-resolved insights of central importance in the exploration of most aspects of condensed matter, ranging from the physical to the biological sciences. Whereas in all conventional EM methods, imaging, diffraction, and chemical analyses have been conducted in a static - 606 $aElectron microscopy 606 $aHyperspace 606 $aSpace and time 606 $aThree-dimensional imaging 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aElectron microscopy. 615 0$aHyperspace. 615 0$aSpace and time. 615 0$aThree-dimensional imaging. 676 $a570.28/25 700 $aZewail$b Ahmed H$0501917 701 $aThomas$b J. 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Ryder Lettuce Breeder and Geneticist; 2: Potato Breeding via Ploidy Manipulations; I. INTRODUCTION; II. THE ANALYTICAL BREEDING SCHEME AND ITS COMPONENTS; III. GENE INTROGRESSION AND INCORPORATION; IV. GENETIC ANALYSIS WITH SPECIES, HAPLOIDSPECIES HYBRIDS, AND 2N GAMETES; V. THE FUTURE OF POTATO GENETIC IMPROVEMENT WITH SOLANUM SPECIES, HAPLOIDS, 2N GAMETES, AND MOLECULAR MARKERS; LITERATURE CITED; 3: Genetic Transformation and Fruit Crop Improvement; I. INTRODUCTION; II. TRANSGENE TECHNOLOGY 327 $aIII. PROGRESS IN FRUIT AND NUT CROPSIV. APPLICATIONS; V. FUTURE PROSPECTS; LITERATURE CITED; 4: Genotype by Environment Interaction and Crop Yield; I. INTRODUCTION; II. DETECTION OF GE INTERACTION; III. QUANTIFICATION OF GE INTERACTION; IV. INTERPRETATION OF GE INTERACTION; V. GE INTERACTION AND MEGA-ENVIRONMENTS; VI. GE INTERACTION AND PLANT BREEDING; VII. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION; LITERATURE CITED; 5: Sesame Breeding; I. INTRODUCTION; II. BOTANY; III. CYTOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION; IV. GENETICS; V. SEED COMPOSITION; VI. GERMPLASM RESOURCES; VII. BREEDING OBJECTIVES; VIII. BREEDING APPROACHES 327 $aIX. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND RESEARCH PRIORITIESLITERATURE CITED; 6: Somaclonal Variation: Molecular Analysis, Transformation Interaction, and Utilization; I. INTRODUCTION; II. USE OF ISOZYMES AND MOLECULAR MARKERS TO DETECT SOMACLONAL VARIATION; III. DNA METHYLATION AND SOMACLONAL VARIATION; IV. VARIABILITY AMONG TRANSGENICS: SOMACLONAL VARIATION OR INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS?; V. RELEASE OF PLANT GERMPLASM GENERATED THROUGH SOMACLONAL VARIATION; VI. CONCLUSIONS; LITERATURE CITED; 7: The Saccharum Complex: Relation to Other Andropogoneae; I. INTRODUCTION 327 $aII. TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE SACCHARUM COMPLEXIII. DOMESTICATION AND BREEDING OF SUGARCANE; IV. CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN SACCHARUM AND ALLIED GENERA; V. GENETIC MAPPING IN POLYPLOIDS USING DNA MARKERS; VI. COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ORGANIZATION IN POACEAE; VII. CURRENT STATUS OF GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC MAPPING IN SACCHARUM SPP.; VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS; LITERATURE CITED; 8: The Genomes of the Glycine; I. INTRODUCTION; II. TAXONOMIC HISTORY OF GLYCINE; III. THE GENOMES OF THE SUBGENUS GLYCINE WILLD.; IV. SUBGENUS SOJA; V. INTERSUBGENERIC HYBRIDS; VI. BREEDING IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 327 $aLITERATURE CITEDSubject Index; Cumulative Subject Index; Cumulative Contributor Index 330 $aPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. 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