LEADER 05816oam 2200817I 450 001 9910455808203321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-136-55923-X 010 $a1-280-47576-5 010 $a1-136-55924-8 010 $a1-84977-226-6 010 $a9786610475766 010 $a600-00-0255-6 010 $a1-4175-2224-0 024 7 $a10.4324/9781849772266 035 $a(CKB)111090529263832 035 $a(EBL)430043 035 $a(OCoLC)55842900 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000229522 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11200360 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000229522 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10173084 035 $a(PQKB)10024106 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000490199 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12181109 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000490199 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10462515 035 $a(PQKB)11539569 035 $a(OCoLC)607717471 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC430043 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL430043 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10128927 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL47576 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111090529263832 100 $a20180706d2002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aProtecting the ozone layer $ethe United Nations history /$fby Stephen O. Andersen and K. Madhava Sarma ; edited by Lani Sinclair 210 1$aLondon ;$aSterling, Va. :$cEarthscan Publications,$d2002. 215 $a1 online resource (548 p.) 300 $a"UNEP." 311 $a1-84407-172-3 311 $a1-85383-905-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [451]-469) and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Protecting the Ozone Layer; Copyright Page; Contents; List of plates, figures, tables and boxes; About the authors; Foreword by Kofi A Annan; Preface by Klaus To?pfer; Acknowledgements; Introduction and reader's guide; Chapter 1: The science of ozone depletion: From theory to certainty; Introduction; Early theories: Scientists identify and name ozone; Modern scientists hypothesize threats to ozone; Discovering and measuring the Antarctic ozone 'hole'; International scientific teams link CFCs and ozone depletion 327 $aFirst assessment, 1989: 1987 Protocol inadequate, total phase-outrequiredSecond assessment, 1991: Quicker phase-out possible, controlHCFCs and methyl bromide; Expedition finds significant depletion over the northern hemisphere; Third assessment, 1994: Mount Pinatubo volcano depletes ozone,Arctic ozone depletion confirmed; Fourth assessment, 1998: Montreal Protocol working, ODSs in theatmosphere peak in 1994; The ozone layer today; Chapter 2: Diplomacy: The beginning, 1974-1987; Introduction; The World Plan of Action, 1977 327 $aCoordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer (CCOL) and the Ozone Layer BulletinsHarmonizing national policies, 1979-1981; The Governing Council sets up a negotiating group, 1981; Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts, 1982; First draft convention and discussions, 1982; First specific proposal to control CFCs, 1983; Further negotiations, 1983-1985; The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985; First comprehensive scientific assessment, 1985; Economic and environmental workshops, 1986; Negotiations on the protocol, 1986-1987; Focusing on the key questions 327 $aThe 'breakthrough' session, April 1987Seventh draft protocol, 1987, and country comments; The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987; Chapter 3: Diplomacy: From strength to strength, 1988-1992; Introduction; Preparations for the entry into force of the Convention and the Protocol; Dissatisfaction of major developing countries; First Meeting of the Parties, Helsinki, 1989: Resolve to phase out by 2000; Preparatory work for the second Meeting of the Parties; Discussions on the financial mechanism, control measures and technology, 1990 327 $aSecond Meeting of the Parties, London, 1990: Phase-out by 2000and US240 million fund approvedPreparatory work for the third Meeting of the Parties; Third Meeting of the Parties, Nairobi, 1991: Import of productswith CFCs banned from non-Parties; Further progress in 1991; Proposals to accelerate the phase-out; Multilateral Fund or Global Environment Facility?; Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 1992; Opposition to methyl bromide controls; Faster phase-outs welcomed by industrialized countries; Incremental costs 327 $aFourth Meeting of the Parties, Copenhagen, 1992: HCFCs, methylbromide controlled, Fund confirmed 330 $aIn the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger: the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by CFCs escaping into the atmosphere, and the damage this could do to human health and the food chain. So great was the threat that by 1987 the UN had succeeded in coordinating an international treaty to phase out emissions; which, over the following 15 years has been implemented. It has been hailed as an outstanding success. It needed the participation of all the parties: governments, industry, scientists, campaigners, NGOs and the media, and is a model for future treaties. This volume provi 606 $aOzone layer depletion$xPrevention$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aAtmospheric chemistry 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aOzone layer depletion$xPrevention$xHistory 615 0$aAtmospheric chemistry. 676 $a363.738/7526 700 $aAndersen$b Stephen O.$0285827 701 $aSarma$b K. Madhava$f1938-$0285828 701 $aSinclair$b Lani$0285829 712 02$aUnited Nations Environment Programme. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910455808203321 996 $aProtecting the ozone layer$92000654 997 $aUNINA