LEADER 03666nam 2200709 a 450 001 9910455508203321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8078-6313-0 035 $a(CKB)111087027918652 035 $a(EBL)413340 035 $a(OCoLC)476237005 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000107029 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11128719 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000107029 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10006505 035 $a(PQKB)10305754 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC413340 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL413340 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10202645 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL930280 035 $a(OCoLC)808774539 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027918652 100 $a20020819d2003 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAt America's gates$b[electronic resource] $eChinese immigration during the exclusion era, 1882-1943 /$fErika Lee 210 $aChapel Hill $cUniversity of North Carolina Press$dc2003 215 $a1 online resource (345 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8078-5448-4 311 $a0-8078-2775-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 295-310) and index. 327 $aContents; Illustrations; Tables; Introduction; Part I. Closing the Gates; 1. The Chinese Are Coming. How Can We Stop Them?: Chinese Exclusion and the Origins of American Gatekeeping; 2. The Keepers of the Gate: U.S. Immigration Officials and Chinese Exclusion; Part II. At America's Gates; 3. Exclusion Acts: Race, Class, Gender, and Citizenship in the Enforcement of the Exclusion Laws; 4. One Hundred Kinds of Oppressive Laws: The Chinese Response to American Exclusion; Part III. Cracks in the Gate; 5. Enforcing the Borders: Chinese Exclusion along the U.S.-Canadian and U.S.-Mexican Borders 327 $a6. The Crooked Path: Chinese Illegal Immigration and its ConsequencesPart IV. The Consequences and Legacies of Exclusion; 7. In the Shadow of Exclusion: The Impact of Exclusion on the Chinese in America; Epilogue: Echoes of Exclusion in the Late Twentieth Century; Afterword: Following September 11, 2001; Notes; Notes; Notes; Notes; Notes; Notes; Notes; Notes; Bibliography; Acknowledgments; Index; A; B; C; D; E-F; G-I; J-L; M; N-P; Q- 330 $aDevoted to both Chinese immigrants and the American immigration officials who sought to keep them out following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, tHIS text explores the consequences for the Chinese and for the USA as a nation of immigrants. 606 $aChinese Americans$xSocial conditions$y19th century 606 $aChinese Americans$xSocial conditions$y20th century 606 $aChinese Americans$xLegal status, laws, etc$xHistory 606 $aImmigrants$zUnited States$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aImmigrants$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory 607 $aChina$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xGovernment policy 607 $aUnited States$xRace relations 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aChinese Americans$xSocial conditions 615 0$aChinese Americans$xSocial conditions 615 0$aChinese Americans$xLegal status, laws, etc.$xHistory. 615 0$aImmigrants$xHistory 615 0$aImmigrants$xHistory 676 $a325/.251073 700 $aLee$b Erika$0824999 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910455508203321 996 $aAt America's gates$92035091 997 $aUNINA