LEADER 05087nam 2200589Ia 450 001 9910455410003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-674-04379-0 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674043794 035 $a(CKB)1000000000787181 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH21620483 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000109980 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11124479 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000109980 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10062463 035 $a(PQKB)10724736 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3300187 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3300187 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10314194 035 $a(OCoLC)923109759 035 $a(DE-B1597)574430 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674043794 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000787181 100 $a19821212d1977 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe behavior of communicating$b[electronic resource] $ean ethological approach /$fW. John Smith 210 $aCambridge, MA $cHarvard University Press$d1977 215 $aviii, 545 p. $cill 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-674-06465-8 311 $a0-674-06466-6 320 $aIncludes bibliography and index. 327 $a1. Introduction 2. The Diversity of Displays 3. Analysis of a Display Repertoire 4. Messages: The Kinds of Information Made Available by Displays 5. Widespread Behavioral Selection Messages 6. Further Messages: Behavioral and Nonbehavioral 7. The Origin of Widespread Messages 8. Differing Approaches to the Analysis of Display Behavior 9. Contextual Sources of Information 10. Meanings and Functions 11. Origins and Differentiation of Display Behavior 12. Effects of Evolution on the Forms of Displays and Accoutrements 13. The Concept of Formalized Behavior 14. Formalized Interactions 15. A Prologue to the Study of Communicating References Index 330 $bIn this book, W. John Smith enlarges ethology's perspective on communication and takes it in new directions. Traditionally, ethological analysis has focused on the motivational states of displaying animals: What makes the bird sing, the cat lash its tail, the bee dance? The Behavior of Communicating emphasizes messages. It seeks to answer questions about the information shared by animals through their displays: What information is made available to a bird by its neighbor's song, to a cat by its opponent's gesture, to a bee by its hivemate's dancing? What information is extracted from sources contextual to these displays? How are the responses to displays adaptive for recipients and senders? What evolutionary processes and constraints underlie observed patterns of animal communication? Smith's approach is deeply rooted in the ethological tradition of naturalistic observations. Detailed analysis of observed displays and display repertoires illuminates the theoretical discussion that forms the core of the book. A taxonomy and interpretative analysis of messages made available through formalized display behavior are also developed. Smith shows that virtually all subhuman animal displays may be interpreted as transmitting messages about the communicator--not the environment--and, more specifically, that messages indicate the kinds of behavior the displaying animal may choose to perform. The most widespread behavioral messages are surprisingly general, even banal, in character; yet they make public information that is not readily available from other sources and that would otherwise be essentially private to the communicator. Taken along with information from sources contextual to the displays, the messages made available may permit responses that are markedly specific. By taking advantage of contextual specificity, a species expands the capacity of its display behavior to be functional in numerous and diverse circumstances. After developing the concept of messages and discussing their forms, the responses made to them, and the functions engendered, Smith turns to the evolution of display behavior--the ways in which acts become specialized for communication and the nature of the evolutionary constraints affecting the ultimate forms of displays. He revises the traditional ethological concept of displays, and in a final chapter develops the further concept of formalized interactions. Here he extends the discussion to formal patterns of behavior that, unlike displays, are beyond the capabilities of individual performers. Human nonverbal communication, which is considered from time to time throughout the book, provides the richest examples of communication flexibly structured at this level of complexity. 606 $aAnimal communication 606 $aAnimal behavior 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aAnimal communication. 615 0$aAnimal behavior. 676 $a591.59 700 $aSmith$b William John$064599 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910455410003321 996 $aThe behavior of communicating$92455347 997 $aUNINA