LEADER 03472nam 22006134a 450 001 9910455285303321 005 20220215230523.0 035 $a(CKB)111004366547674 035 $a(EBL)3338418 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000137306 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11151427 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000137306 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10088430 035 $a(PQKB)10021496 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3338418 035 $a(OCoLC)50853807$z(OCoLC)48846007$z(OCoLC)50689032$z(OCoLC)559435143$z(OCoLC)648371060$z(OCoLC)722745538$z(OCoLC)728043129$z(OCoLC)888768958$z(OCoLC)923251504$z(OCoLC)961633856$z(OCoLC)962672261 035 $a(OCoLC-P)50853807 035 $a(MaCbMITP)2366 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3338418 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr2001005 035 $a(OCoLC)923251504 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004366547674 100 $a19990524g20009999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDesign rules$b[electronic resource] /$fCarliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cMIT Press$dc2000- 215 $a1 online resource (480 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [419]-452) and index. 327 $av . 1. The power of modularity. 330 $aWe live in a dynamic economic and commercial world, surrounded by objects of remarkable complexity and power. In many industries, changes in products and technologies have brought with them new kinds of firms and forms of organization. We are discovering news ways of structuring work, of bringing buyers and sellers together, and of creating and using market information. Although our fast-moving economy often seems to be outside of our influence or control, human beings create the things that create the market forces. Devices, software programs, production processes, contracts, firms, and markets are all the fruit of purposeful action: they are designed. Using the computer industry as an example, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark develop a powerful theory of design and industrial evolution. They argue that the industry has experienced previously unimaginable levels of innovation and growth because it embraced the concept of modularity, building complex products from smaller subsystems that can be designed independently yet function together as a whole. Modularity freed designers to experiment with different approaches, as long as they obeyed the established design rules. Drawing upon the literatures of industrial organization, real options, and computer architecture, the authors provide insight into the forces of change that drive today's economy. 606 $aElectronic digital computers$xDesign and construction$xHistory 606 $aModularity (Engineering) 606 $aComputer industry$xHistory 606 $aIndustrial organization 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aElectronic digital computers$xDesign and construction$xHistory. 615 0$aModularity (Engineering) 615 0$aComputer industry$xHistory. 615 0$aIndustrial organization. 676 $a621.39 700 $aBaldwin$b Carliss Y$g(Carliss Young)$01043065 701 $aClark$b Kim B$0115337 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910455285303321 996 $aDesign rules$92467776 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04836nam 2200601 a 450 001 9911006578503321 005 20230721030325.0 010 $a1-4294-7987-6 010 $a1-60119-388-2 035 $a(CKB)1000000000385115 035 $a(EBL)3382396 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000071550 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11980085 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000071550 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10091691 035 $a(PQKB)11160665 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3382396 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000385115 100 $a20070126d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aCesium-137 in the environment$b[electronic resource] $eradioecology and approaches to assessment and management /$frecommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 210 $aBethesda, MD $cNational Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements$dc2007 215 $a1 online resource (395 p.) 225 1 $aNCRP report ;$vno. 154 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-929600-91-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 302-354) and index. 327 $a""Cover""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""Extended Summary""; ""Motivation for this Report""; ""Scope of the Report""; ""Properties and Sources of Cesium-137""; ""Cesium-137 Contamination at Three DOE Sites in the United States""; ""Savannah River Site""; ""Oak Ridge Reservation""; ""Hanford Site""; ""Behavior of Cesium-137 in Terrestrial Ecosystems""; ""Behavior of Cesium-137 in Aquatic Ecosystems""; ""Managing Contaminated Ecosystems""; ""1. Introduction""; ""2. Properties of Cesium Isotopes""; ""2.1 Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of Cesium Isotopes"" 327 $a""2.2 Processes Affecting General Distribution Patterns of Radiocesium""""3. Radiocesium in the Global Environment""; ""3.1 Sources of Radiocesium in the Environment""; ""3.1.1 Nuclear Weapon Detonations""; ""3.1.2 Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Disposal""; ""3.1.3 Reactor Releases""; ""3.1.4 Releases from Medical Uses of Cesium-137""; ""3.2 Geographic Distribution Patterns of Cesium-137 Deposition""; ""4. Primary Sites of Local Cesium-137 Contamination in the United States""; ""4.1 Savannah River Site""; ""4.1.1 Climate and Setting""; ""4.1.2 Sources of Radiocesium""; ""4.1.3 Release History"" 327 $a""4.1.4 Environments""""4.1.5 Unique Pathways, Parameters and Conditions""; ""4.1.6 Future Management Issues""; ""4.2 Oak Ridge Reservation""; ""4.2.1 Climate and Setting""; ""4.2.2 Sources of Cesium-137""; ""4.2.3 Release History""; ""4.2.4 Aquatic Environments""; ""4.2.5 Terrestrial Environments""; ""4.2.6 Unique Pathways, Parameters and Conditions""; ""4.2.7 Future Management Issues""; ""4.3 Hanford Site""; ""4.3.1 Climate and Setting""; ""4.3.2 Sources of Cesium-137""; ""4.3.3 Release History""; ""4.3.4 Environments""; ""4.3.5 Unique Pathways, Parameters and Conditions"" 327 $a""4.3.6 Future Management Issues""""5. Behavior and Transport in Terrestrial Ecosystems""; ""5.1 Chemistry and Sorption Properties of Cesium""; ""5.1.1 Chemistry and Speciation""; ""5.1.2 Influence of Mineralogy on Sorption of Cesium""; ""5.1.3 Soil/Sediment Partition Coefficient Values for Cesium""; ""5.2 Biogeochemical Transport Processes for Cesium""; ""5.2.1 Deposition from the Atmosphere""; ""5.2.2 Weathering from Plant Surfaces""; ""5.2.3 Foliar Absorption""; ""5.2.4 Soil Processes""; ""5.2.5 Soil-to-Plant Transfer""; ""5.2.6 Translocation within Plants"" 327 $a""5.2.7 Microbial Impacts on Cesium Mobility""""5.2.8 Plant-to-Animal Transfers""; ""5.2.9 Soil-to-Animal Transfers""; ""5.2.10 Transfers in Animal Food Chains""; ""5.2.11 Assimilation and Retention in Animals""; ""5.3 Modeling Approaches for Radiocesiumin Terrestrial Ecosystems""; ""5.3.1 General Approaches""; ""5.3.2 Model Validation""; ""5.3.3 Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses""; ""6. Behavior and Transport in Freshwater Ecosystems""; ""6.1 Sediment-Water Partitioning of Cesium-137""; ""6.1.1 Partition Coefficient""; ""6.1.2 Settling and Sedimentation""; ""6.1.3 Remobilization"" 327 $a""6.1.4 Burial"" 410 0$aNCRP report ;$vno. 154. 606 $aRadioactive pollution 606 $aCesium$xIsotopes$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aRadioecology 615 0$aRadioactive pollution. 615 0$aCesium$xIsotopes$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aRadioecology. 676 $a363.738 712 02$aNational Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911006578503321 996 $aCesium-137 in the environment$94390988 997 $aUNINA