LEADER 04281nam 2200589Ia 450 001 9910454865403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-674-03818-5 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674038189 035 $a(CKB)1000000000805518 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH23050725 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000244255 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11219760 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000244255 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10164245 035 $a(PQKB)11748587 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3300655 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3300655 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10328833 035 $a(OCoLC)923112667 035 $a(DE-B1597)574360 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674038189 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000805518 100 $a20020122d2002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSeparation of church and state$b[electronic resource] /$fPhilip Hamburger 210 $aCambridge, MA $cHarvard University Press$d2002 215 $a1 online resource (528 p.) 300 $aOriginally published: 2002. 311 $a0-674-00734-4 311 $a0-674-01374-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aAcknowledgments Introduction I. Late Eighteenth-Century Religious Liberty 1. Separation, Purity, and Anticlericalism 2. Accusations of Separation 3. The Exclusion of the Clergy 4. Freedom from Religious Establishments II. Early Nineteenth-Century Republicanism 5. Demands for Separation: Separating Federalist Clergy from Republican Politics 6. Keeping Religion Out of Politics and Making Politics Religious 7. Jefferson and the Baptists: Separation Proposed and Ignored as a Constitutional Principle III. Mid-Nineteenth-Century Americanism 8. A Theologically Liberal, Anti-Catholic, and American Principle 9. Separations in Society 10. Clerical Doubts and Popular Protestant Support IV. Late Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Constitutional Law 11. Amendment 12. Interpretation 13. Differences 14. An American Constitutional Right Conclusion Index 330 $aIn a challenge to conventional wisdom, Hamburger argues that the separation of church and state has no historical foundation in the First Amendment. The evidence assembled here shows that 18th-century Americans almost never invoked this principle. 330 $bIn a powerful challenge to conventional wisdom, Philip Hamburger argues that the separation of church and state has no historical foundation in the First Amendment. The detailed evidence assembled here shows that eighteenth-century Americans almost never invoked this principle. Although Thomas Jefferson and others retrospectively claimed that the First Amendment separated church and state, separation became part of American constitutional law only much later. Hamburger shows that separation became a constitutional freedom largely through fear and prejudice. Jefferson supported separation out of hostility to the Federalist clergy of New England. Nativist Protestants (ranging from nineteenth-century Know Nothings to twentieth-century members of the K.K.K.) adopted the principle of separation to restrict the role of Catholics in public life. Gradually, these Protestants were joined by theologically liberal, anti-Christian secularists, who hoped that separation would limit Christianity and all other distinct religions. Eventually, a wide range of men and women called for separation. Almost all of these Americans feared ecclesiastical authority, particularly that of the Catholic Church, and, in response to their fears, they increasingly perceived religious liberty to require a separation of church from state. American religious liberty was thus redefined and even transformed. In the process, the First Amendment was often used as an instrument of intolerance and discrimination. 606 $aChurch and state$zUnited States 607 $aUnited States$xChurch history 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aChurch and state 676 $a322.10973 700 $aHamburger$b Philip$f1957-$01035284 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910454865403321 996 $aSeparation of church and state$92454899 997 $aUNINA