LEADER 05403nam 22012493u 450 001 9910453909703321 005 20210125210414.0 010 $a0-8213-7545-8 035 $a(CKB)1000000000537660 035 $a(EBL)459631 035 $a(OCoLC)248013766 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000087480 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11113061 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000087480 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10054559 035 $a(PQKB)10923389 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC459631 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000537660 100 $a20130418d2008|||| u|| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aImproving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa$b[electronic resource] $eAssessment of Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Flexibilities Utilization 210 $aWashington $cWorld Bank Publications$d2008 215 $a1 online resource (84 p.) 225 1 $aDirections in Development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-7544-X 327 $aContents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Overview; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Overview of the TRIPS Agreement and Flexibilities; Table 2.1 TRIPS Flexibilities That Facilitate Protection of Public Health; Chapter 3 Local Production: Experiences in Four African Countries; Table 3.1 Key Socioeconomic Indicators; Table 3.2 Varichem's ARV Production Line; Table 3.3 Cosmos's ARV Production Line; Table 3.4 Supply of ARVs to the South Africa Department of Health; Table 3.5 Danadams's ARV Production Line 327 $aFigure 3.1 Percentage of ARVs Purchased by Government of Ghana from Danadams and Other Firms 2005Figure 3.2 Comparison of Prices for Local and Imported Generic ARVs in Ghana, 2005; Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations; Appendix A HIV/AIDS Medicines under Patent in Sub-Saharan Africa; Appendix B List of Persons Interviewed; Bibliography 330 $aThe Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) requires all WTO members to adopt certain minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights including the rights of holders of patents for pharmaceutical products. The adoption of the standards delineated by the TRIPS Agreement appears to have resulted in significant loss of public health policy flexibilities for developing country members with respect to regulating the grant and use of pharmaceutical patents and controlling the cost of medicines. The Agreement, however, provides inherent flexibil 410 0$aDirections in Development 606 $aAntiretroviral agents 606 $aAntiretroviral agents$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan$vPatents 606 $aAntiretroviral agents$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aDelivery of Health Care 606 $aAnti-Retroviral Agents 606 $aIntellectual Property 606 $aIndustry 606 $aPatient Care Management 606 $aAntiviral Agents 606 $aTechnology, Industry, and Agriculture 606 $aJurisprudence 606 $aHealth Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation 606 $aSocial Control, Formal 606 $aHealth Services Administration 606 $aHealth Care 606 $aAnti-Infective Agents 606 $aTherapeutic Uses 606 $aHealth Care Economics and Organizations 606 $aSociology 606 $aPharmacologic Actions 606 $aSocial Sciences 606 $aChemical Actions and Uses 606 $aHealth Services Accessibility 606 $aDrug Industry 606 $aAnti-HIV Agents 606 $aPatents as Topic 606 $aMedicine$2HILCC 606 $aHealth & Biological Sciences$2HILCC 606 $aClinical Immunology$2HILCC 607 $aAfrica 607 $aAfrica South of the Sahara 608 $aElectronic books. 615 4$aAntiretroviral agents. 615 0$aAntiretroviral agents 615 0$aAntiretroviral agents 615 2$aDelivery of Health Care 615 2$aAnti-Retroviral Agents 615 2$aIntellectual Property 615 2$aIndustry 615 2$aPatient Care Management 615 2$aAntiviral Agents 615 2$aTechnology, Industry, and Agriculture 615 2$aJurisprudence 615 2$aHealth Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation 615 2$aSocial Control, Formal 615 2$aHealth Services Administration 615 2$aHealth Care 615 2$aAnti-Infective Agents 615 2$aTherapeutic Uses 615 2$aHealth Care Economics and Organizations 615 2$aSociology 615 2$aPharmacologic Actions 615 2$aSocial Sciences 615 2$aChemical Actions and Uses 615 2$aHealth Services Accessibility 615 2$aDrug Industry 615 2$aAnti-HIV Agents 615 2$aPatents as Topic 615 7$aMedicine 615 7$aHealth & Biological Sciences 615 7$aClinical Immunology 676 $a362.196/9188061 700 $aOsewe$b Patrick L$g(Patrick Lumumba)$01044892 702 $aSackey$b Emmanuel 702 $aNkrumah$b Yvonne K$g(Yvonne Korkoi) 712 02$aWorld Bank 801 0$bAU-PeEL 801 1$bAU-PeEL 801 2$bAU-PeEL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910453909703321 996 $aImproving Access to HIV$92470792 997 $aUNINA