LEADER 05551nam 2200709 450 001 9910453716403321 005 20210609215955.0 010 $a0-08-099422-9 035 $a(CKB)2550000001161476 035 $a(EBL)1562334 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001130058 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11976102 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001130058 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11085671 035 $a(PQKB)11493419 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1562334 035 $a(PPN)187338329 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1562334 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10808508 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL544570 035 $a(OCoLC)880877941 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001161476 100 $a20131216h20142014 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFuture energy$b[e-book] $eimproved, sustainable and clean options for our planet /$fTrevor M. Letcher, emeritus professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 205 $aSecond edition. 210 1$aAmsterdam :$cElsevier,$d[2014] 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (739 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-08-099424-5 311 $a1-306-13319-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Future Energy; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; I: Introduction; 1 Introduction with a Focus on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change; 1.1 Why Is It Important to Consider Our Future Energy Options?; 1.1.1 Society's Needs; 1.2 The Need for a Sustainable, Safe and Non-polluting Energy Source; 1.3 Climate Change; 1.4 Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change; 1.5 What Are Our Options for Electricity Generation?; 1.6 What Are Our Options for Transport Fuel?; 1.7 The Situation in the World Today; 1.8 How Can We Reduce the Stranglehold of Fossil Fuels? 327 $aReferencesII: Fossil Fuels (Energy Sources); 2 Conventional Oil and Gas; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hydrocarbon Reservoirs; 2.2.1 Hydrocarbon Location and Formation Evaluation; 2.2.2 Hydrocarbon Types; 2.3 Hydrocarbon Recovery, Reserves, Production and Consumption; 2.3.1 Energy Supply and Demand; 2.3.2 Conventional Oil and Gas; 2.3.2.1 LNG and Natural Gas Processing; 2.3.2.2 Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery; 2.3.2.3 Hydraulic Fracturing and Matrix Acidizing; 2.3.2.4 Shale Hydrocarbon; 2.4 Global Warming and the Hydrocarbon Economy; 2.4.1 Energy and the Economy 327 $a2.4.2 Mitigating CO2 Emissions from Hydrocarbon Combustion2.5 Conclusion; References; 3 Coal Processing and Use for Power Generation; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Coal Reserves, Production and Use; 3.2.1 Coal Reserves and Production; 3.2.2 Coal Use; 3.3 Coal Properties; 3.3.1 Coal Composition; 3.3.2 Coal Characteristics Desired for Power Generation; 3.4 Processing of Coal Before Combustion; 3.4.1 Coal Preparation; 3.4.2 Cleaning High Sulphur Coals; 3.4.3 Removal of Other Contaminants; 3.4.4 Preparation of Ultra-Clean Coal; 3.4.5 Coal Dewatering and Drying; 3.5 Clean Coal Technologies 327 $a3.5.1 Pre-combustion Technologies3.5.2 Combustion Technologies; 3.5.3 Post-Combustion Technologies; 3.5.4 Carbon Capture and Sequestration; 3.6 Role of Coal in the Energy Mix for the Future; 3.7 Conclusions; References; 4 Frontier Oil and Gas: Deep-Water and the Arctic; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Deep-Water; 4.2.1 Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities; 4.3 Arctic; 4.4 Clathrate Hydrates; 4.4.1 Hydrates in Flow Assurance; 4.4.2 Hydrates for Energy; 4.5 Geothermal-Geopressurised Natural Gas; References; 5 Unconventional Oil and Gas: Oilsands; 5.1 Introduction 327 $a5.2 Bitumen Production from Oilsands5.2.1 Extraction of Mined Oilsands; 5.2.2 In Situ Production; 5.3 Transport Fuel Production from Bitumen; 5.4 Bitumen Characterisation; 5.4.1 Properties of Bitumen; 5.4.2 Asphaltenes; 5.5 Bitumen Upgrading Processes; 5.5.1 Visbreaking; 5.5.2 Coking; 5.5.3 Residue Hydroconversion; 5.6 Future of Oilsands; 5.6.1 Energy Use in Oilsands Production and Bitumen Upgrading; 5.6.2 Water Management in Oilsands Production; 5.6.3 Improving Bitumen Upgrading Technology; References; 6 Shale-Hosted Hydrocarbons and Hydraulic Fracturing; 6.1 Introduction 327 $a6.2 Shale-Hosted Hydrocarbons 330 $aAs the demand for global energy increases, fact-based evaluations of alternative energy sources are needed in order to address the growing interest in how energy is produced, provided, and transported in sustainable ways. Future Energy, Second Edition provides scientists and decision makers with the knowledge they need to understand the relative importance and magnitude of various energy production methods in order to make the energy decisions needed for sustaining development and dealing with climate change. The second edition of Future Energy looks at the present energy situati 606 $aPower resources 606 $aPower resources$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aClean energy industries 606 $aRenewable energy sources 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aPower resources. 615 0$aPower resources$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aClean energy industries. 615 0$aRenewable energy sources. 676 $a333.79 701 $aLetcher$b T. M$g(Trevor M.)$0858257 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910453716403321 996 $aFuture energy$92234545 997 $aUNINA