LEADER 05712nam 2200649 450 001 9910453272503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-61499-326-2 035 $a(CKB)2550000001179577 035 $a(EBL)1589000 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001128213 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12483337 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001128213 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11066101 035 $a(PQKB)10105915 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1589000 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1589000 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10827952 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL559716 035 $a(OCoLC)867822098 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001179577 100 $a20140125h20132013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMetrology and physical constants $eproceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi", course 185, Varenna on Lake Como, Villa Monastero, 17-27 July 2012 /$fItalian Physical Society ; director of the course A. M. Rossi ; edited by E. Bava and M. Ku?hne = Metrologia e costanti fisiche : Rendiconti Della Scuola Internazionale Di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", CLXXXV Corso, Varenna Sul Lago Di Como, Villa Monastero, 17-27 Luglio 2012 / Societa? Italiana Di Fisica ; direttori del corso A. M. Rossi ; a cura di E. Bava e M. Ku?hne 210 1$aAmsterdam, Netherlands :$cIOS Press,$d2013. 210 4$dİ2013 215 $a1 online resource (567 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-61499-325-4 311 $a1-306-28465-1 327 $aTitle Page; Contents; Preface; Course group shot; Metrology organization; The Metre Convention, the BIPM and the SI; Introduction; The original units of the metric system; The Metre Convention of 1875 and new metric prototypes; First moves towards natural units; Key advances in physics since 1971; The definition of a unit in terms of a fixed numerical value of a fundamental constant; Draft resolution of the 24th CGPM 2011 for the new SI; The choice of a new definition for the kilogram; Practical realization of the new definitions, primary methods; What of the future? 327 $aMission and role of the BIPM in the 21st century Introduction; Creation of the Metre Convention; The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM); The International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM); The Consultative Committees of the CIPM; The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM); Committees of the BIPM and other international organizations, created for particular tasks of common interest; International liaison; The BIPM and the World Metrological Organization; Conclusion; The CIPM MRA; Introduction; The CIPM MRA: what, why and how? 327 $aThe mechanisms of the CIPM MRA and the KCDB International comparisons - Equivalence; Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) - Recognition; How does the CIPM MRA help?; Conclusions; Mathematical tools in metrology; Error, uncertainty and probability; Introduction; Reference documents; Properties, quantities and units; Stevens' classification; Quantity values - True value; Measurement, measurand and measurement result; Error and uncertainty; Error; Uncertainty; Error approach vs. uncertainty approach; The GUM approach to uncertainty; Ill-defined measurand and definitional uncertainty 327 $aIndirect measurement Error propagation vs. uncertainty propagation; Evaluating (and propagating) uncertainties - change of paradigm; Random and systematic effects; Frequentist and Bayesian (or subjective) approaches; No longer room for errors; Coverage intervals-propagation of PDFs; Bayesian inference; Discrete quantities; Conclusions; Frequency instability: Characterization of quasi-periodic signals; Introduction; The frequency-fluctuation description model; Model for the frequency-domain measurements; Measurement systems in the frequency domain; Use of a fringe-side frequency-discriminator 327 $aUse of a Fabry-Perot with the PDH frequency lock Use of the Michelson interferometer; Characterization of an oscillator by means of cross-correlation; Measurement systems in the time domain; Characterization of a single-oscillator stability by means of cross-variances; The dual-mixer time-difference technique; Time-domain statistical characterization; Relationships between sample variances and spectral densities; Other types of variances; The modified Allan variance (MVAR); Conclusions; Frequency instability: Deterministic contributions and slowly varying noise; Introduction 327 $aThe signal model under analysis 330 $aThe reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact.This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). 606 $aMetrology 606 $aPhysical constants 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aMetrology. 615 0$aPhysical constants. 676 $a389.1 701 $aRossi$b A. M$0951997 701 $aBava E$0951998 701 $aKu?hne M$0951999 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910453272503321 996 $aMetrology and physical constants$92152060 997 $aUNINA