LEADER 05809nam 2200781 450 001 9910453268703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-9911-X 035 $a(CKB)2550000001202942 035 $a(EBL)1611993 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001107925 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11602010 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001107925 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11085920 035 $a(PQKB)10500092 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1611993 035 $a(DLC) 2013041632 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1611993 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10832793 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL572408 035 $a(OCoLC)874154917 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001202942 100 $a20140208h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aBack to work $egrowing with jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia /$fOmar S. Arias [and eight others] 210 1$aWashington, District of Columbia :$cThe World Bank,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (442 p.) 225 0$aEurope and Central Asia reports 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9910-1 311 $a1-306-41157-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aCover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; The Employment Problem in Europe and Central Asia; Figures; ES.1 Labor Force Participation (Left) and Unemployment Rate (Right); ES.2 Average Years of Lost Potential Employment for an Individual, circa 2010; How Did the Region Get Here?; ES.3 Job Creation and Job Destruction Rates, 2001-09; What Was the Impact of the Crisis?; What Can Be Done to Create More and Better Jobs in the Region?; ES.4 Too Many 15-Year-Olds in the Region Remain Functionally Illiterate, 2009; Tables 327 $aES.1 Diverse Policy Reform Agendas Bibliography; Overview; Introduction; Confronting the Jobs Challenge: The Transition Legacy, Demographics, and the Crisis Aftermath; 0.1 The Employment Payoff to Reforms during the Boom Years Often Materialized with a Lag and Mostly among Advanced Modernizers; 0.2 Many Years of Potential Employment Lost, Especially among Older Workers and Women, 2010; 0.1 The Importance of the Transition Legacy and Demographics: Country Typology; Enterprises and Job Creation; 0.3 Prior to the Crisis, Advanced Modernizers Combined High Job Creation and Low Job Destruction 327 $a0.4 High Latent Entrepreneurship but Low Rates of Startups in the Region in 2010 Developing the Skills for the Job; 0.5 Skills of Older Cohorts Are at Risk of Obsolescence in Several Countries in the Region; 0.6 Too Many 15-Year-Olds in the Region Remain Functionally Illiterate, 2009; 0.7 Tertiary Education Delivers High Average Returns in Most Countries; Making Work Pay and Jobs Accessible; 0.8 The Costs of Moving Out of Social Assistance or Unemployment Benefits Could Be High, Especially for Low-Wage Earners and Part-Time Workers, 2010 327 $a0.9 Women Earn Less Than Men in Ways Not Explained by Education, Age, Location, Family Structure, or Participation Decisions, 2009-110.10 A Diverse Agenda on Disincentives and Barriers to Employment in the Region; Leading Workers to Better Jobs; 0.11 The Population in Europe and Central Asia Is Less Internally Mobile Than in the Rest of the World, 2009; 0.12 Relatively Large Regional Disparities in Labor Productivity, 2002 and 2009; A Diverse Jobs Policy Agenda; 0.2 Diverse Policy Reform Agendas; Notes; Bibliography; 1. Jobs in Europe and Central Asia: The Role of the Legacy and Demographics 327 $aIntroduction The Jobs Challenge in ECA; 1.1 Strong Economic and Productivity Growth in Early 2000's Slowed Due to the Crisis; 1.2 Significant Across-the-Board Reform Efforts; 1.3 Rapid Real Wage Growth Characterized the Early 2000's in ECA; 1.4 Limited Employment Creation Due to a Weak Relationship between Economic and Employment Growth and to the Crisis; 1.5 Labor Force Participation and Employment Rates Are Low and Unemployment Is High; 1.6 Cross-Country Differences in Growth and Labor Market Performance; Thinking about Jobs in ECA 327 $a1.7 Significant Cross-Country Differences in Labor Force Participation, Employment, and Unemployment Rates 330 $aOver the last decade, significant global and regional forces including changes in technology, trade patterns, and business practices, with a steady shift in value added production and employment toward knowledge-intensive activities and services such as finance, the hospitality industry, and the retail trade, have been affecting the production and occupational structures of most developed economies. Many countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia have also experienced ongoing exposure to international product and labor markets, some via integration with the European Union (EU), and in genera 410 0$aEurope and Central Asia Reports 606 $aJob creation$zEurope, Eastern 606 $aJob creation$zAsia, Central 606 $aLabor market$zEurope, Eastern 606 $aLabor market$zAsia, Central 606 $aEconomic development$zEurope, Eastern 606 $aEconomic development$zAsia, Central 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aJob creation 615 0$aJob creation 615 0$aLabor market 615 0$aLabor market 615 0$aEconomic development 615 0$aEconomic development 676 $a331.10947 701 $aArias$b Omar$01037925 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910453268703321 996 $aBack to work$92459190 997 $aUNINA