LEADER 05212nam 2200709 450 001 9910452909203321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-262-31738-9 035 $a(CKB)2550000001115761 035 $a(EBL)3339671 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000984665 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12401084 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000984665 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11013773 035 $a(PQKB)10952404 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3339671 035 $a(OCoLC)857769391$z(OCoLC)864822083$z(OCoLC)1055385665$z(OCoLC)1066590265$z(OCoLC)1081253508 035 $a(OCoLC-P)857769391 035 $a(MaCbMITP)9634 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3339671 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10756187 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL516096 035 $a(OCoLC)857769391 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001115761 100 $a20130318h20132013 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLonely ideas $ecan Russia compete? /$fLoren Graham 210 1$aCambridge, Massachusetts :$cThe MIT Press,$d[2013] 210 4$dİ2013 215 $a1 online resource (229 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-262-01979-5 311 $a1-299-84845-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a""Contents""; ""Introduction""; ""I The Problem: Why Cana???t Russia, after Three Centuries of Trying, Modernize?""; ""1 The Early Arms Industry: Early Achievement, Later Slump""; ""2 Railroads: Promise and Distortion""; ""3 The Electrical Industry: Failed Inventors of the Nineteenth Century""; ""4 Aviation: A Frustrated Master, a Deformed Industry""; ""5 Soviet Industrialization: The Myth That It Was Modernization""; ""6 The Semiconductor Industry: Unheralded and Unrewarded Russian Pioneers""; ""7 Genetics and Biotechnology: The Missed Revolution""; ""8 Computers: Victory and Failure"" 327 $a""9 Lasers: Genius and Missed Opportunities""""10 The Exceptions and What They Prove: Software, Space, Nuclear Power""; ""II What Are the Causes of the Problem?""; ""11 The Attitudinal Question""; ""12 The Political Order""; ""13 Social Barriers""; ""14 The Legal System""; ""15 Economic Factors""; ""16 Corruption and Crime""; ""17 The Organization of Education and Research""; ""III Can Russia Overcome Its Problem Today? Russiaa???s Unique Opportunity""; ""18 Creating New Foundations and Research Universities""; ""19 RUSNANO (Nanotechnology) and Skolkovo (a New Technology City)"" 327 $a""20 How Russia Could Break Out of Its Three-Centuries-Old Trap""""Acknowledgments""; ""Chronology""; ""Notes""; ""Glossary of Names""; ""Index""; ""Images"" 330 $aWhen have you gone into an electronics store, picked up a desirable gadget, and found that it was labeled "Made in Russia"? Probably never. Russia, despite its epic intellectual achievements in music, literature, art, and pure science, is a negligible presence in world technology. Despite its current leaders' ambitions to create a knowledge economy, Russia is economically dependent on gas and oil. In Lonely Ideas, Loren Graham investigates Russia's long history of technological invention followed by failure to commercialize and implement.

For three centuries, Graham shows, Russia has been adept at developing technical ideas but abysmal at benefiting from them. From the seventeenth-century arms industry through twentieth-century Nobel-awarded work in lasers, Russia has failed to sustain its technological inventiveness. Graham identifies a range of conditions that nurture technological innovation: a society that values inventiveness and practicality; an economic system that provides investment opportunities; a legal system that protects intellectual property; a political system that encourages innovation and success. Graham finds Russia lacking on all counts. He explains that Russia's failure to sustain technology, and its recurrent attempts to force modernization, reflect its political and social evolution and even its resistance to democratic principles.

But Graham points to new connections between Western companies and Russian researchers, new research institutions, a national focus on nanotechnology, and the establishment of Skolkovo, "a new technology city." Today, he argues, Russia has the best chance in its history to break its pattern of technological failure. 606 $aTechnological innovations$zRussia (Federation) 606 $aTechnology and state$zRussia (Federation) 606 $aResearch, Industrial$zRussia (Federation) 606 $aIndustrialization$zRussia (Federation) 606 $aHigh technology industries$zRussia (Federation) 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aTechnological innovations 615 0$aTechnology and state 615 0$aResearch, Industrial 615 0$aIndustrialization 615 0$aHigh technology industries 676 $a338.947 700 $aGraham$b Loren R$047336 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452909203321 996 $aLonely ideas$92112415 997 $aUNINA