LEADER 04587oam 2200769I 450 001 9910452881503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-203-08035-1 010 $a1-283-87146-7 010 $a1-136-16681-5 024 7 $a10.4324/9780203080351 035 $a(CKB)2550000000709641 035 $a(EBL)1097809 035 $a(OCoLC)822025271 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000785056 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12280199 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000785056 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10794180 035 $a(PQKB)11664078 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1097809 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1097809 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10635073 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL418396 035 $a(OCoLC)821263988 035 $a(OCoLC)822025044 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000709641 100 $a20180706d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe origins of the US war on terror $eLebanon, Libya and American intervention in the Middle East /$fMattia Toaldo 210 1$aAbingdon, Oxon ;$aNew York, N.Y. :$cRoutledge,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (225 p.) 225 1 $aRoutledge studies in US foreign policy 225 0$aRoutledge studies in US foreign policy 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-138-85138-8 311 $a0-415-68501-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; The Origins of the Us War on Terror: Lebanon, Libya and American Intervention in the Middle East; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; Introduction: Revolutions; 1979, Revolutions and Invasions in the Greater Middle East; America's Strategic Shift; Carter's Revival of the Cold War; The Reagan Revolution; Reagan's Global Cold War; 1. Crucial Relations; US Policy in the Middle East During the Cold War; The Roots of the Lebanese Civil War and of US Intervention; Modernization Theories and the Rise of Qadhafi; The US-Israel Special Relationship; 2. Lebanon, Attack and Withdrawal 327 $aThe Beginning of the US Involvement in LebanonThe Missing Red Light; The Invasion; The Slippery Slope; 3. Defining the Fight Against Terrorism; Facing New Enemies; Retaliation?; The Road to Withdrawal; The Shultz Doctrine and Nsdd 138; Enters Benjamin Netanyahu; 1985, the Annus Horribilis; The Bush Task Force on Combating Terrorism; 4. Libya: Pre-Strikes and Regime Change; Terrorism as Part of the Global Cold War; The First Confrontation in 1981 and 1982; The Flower Plan: Regime Change in Libya?; Christmas Shootings (And Military Planning); The Model Strike; The Last Attempt at Regime Change 327 $aConclusions: Between the Cold War and the Global War on TerrorContinuities with US Policy in the Middle East During the Cold War; A Changed World: Political Islam, New Wars and the 'Age of Risk'; The Reagan Legacy and Bush's War on Terror; Making Sense of the Present Through the Past; Notes; References; Index 330 $aThe war on terror did not start after 9/11, rather its origins must be traced back much further to the Reagan administration and the 1980s. Utilizing recently declassified archival resources, Toaldo offers an in-depth analysis of how ideas and threat perceptions were shaped both by traditional US policy in the Middle East during the Cold War and by the cooperation with the Israeli right. The book examines two case studies of American intervention in the region and of its reactions to terrorism: Lebanon between 1982 and 1984 and Libya from 1981 to 1986. The first encounter with Hizbullah and 410 0$aRoutledge Studies in US Foreign Policy 606 $aWar on Terrorism, 2001-2009$xCauses 606 $aTerrorism$zMiddle East$xPrevention 607 $aUnited States$xForeign relations$zMiddle East 607 $aUnited States$xForeign relations$y1981-1989 607 $aUnited States$xMilitary relations$zLebanon 607 $aLebanon$xMilitary relations$zUnited States 607 $aUnited States$xMilitary relations$zLibya 607 $aLibya$xMilitary relations$zUnited States 607 $aUnited States$xMilitary policy 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aWar on Terrorism, 2001-2009$xCauses. 615 0$aTerrorism$xPrevention. 676 $a327.7305609/048 700 $aToaldo$b Mattia.$0886357 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452881503321 996 $aThe origins of the US war on terror$91979311 997 $aUNINA