LEADER 05518nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910452596803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-88197-6 010 $a9786613723284 010 $a0-8213-9560-2 035 $a(CKB)2550000000105272 035 $a(EBL)967093 035 $a(OCoLC)799768258 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000738696 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12278132 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000738696 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10672272 035 $a(PQKB)11290471 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC967093 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL967093 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10580578 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL372328 035 $a(OCoLC)802295946 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000105272 100 $a20120801d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPathways to African export sustainability$b[electronic resource] /$fPaul Brenton, Olivier Cadot, and Martha Denisse Pierola 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cWorld Bank$dc2012 215 $a1 online resource (140 p.) 225 1 $aDirections in development. Trade 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9559-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Introduction; Chapter 1 Export Survival: What We Know about Africa; Export Survival: A First Pass at the Evidence; Figures; 1.1 Average Export Survival by Origin Country, 1979-2010; Do African Exports Really Survive Less Long?; 1.2 Average Export Survival by Destination, 1979-2010; 1.3 Sub-Saharan Africa's Exports Relative to Comparator Group, 1960-2010; 1.4 Average Export Survival by Exporter (Origin) Income, 1979-2010; 1.5 Average Spell Survival by Importer (Destination) Income, 1979-2010 327 $a1.6 Kaplan-Meier Survival Function for Developing-Country Originating Products in OECD Markets1.7 Kaplan-Meier Survival Function for Sub-Saharan Africa-Originating Products in OECD Markets; 1.8 Average Spell Survival and Exporter-Country Income, 1979-2010; 1.9 Export Survival and Income by Sector, 1979-2010; Tables; 1.1 Cox Regression Results: Estimation of Export Spell Hazard Rates, All Developing Countries; Understanding Entry, Exit, and Survival Decisions; 1.10 Sunk Costs and the Frequency of Exits; 1.11 Number of New Export Lines (HS 6) against Income Levels 327 $a1.12 Export Growth Decomposed, 1990-20051.13 Entry and First-Year Entrants' Survival Rates at the Firm Level; Annex 1A: The Basic Analytics of Survival; Annex 1B: The Basic Toolkit of Empirical Survival Analysis; Notes; References; Chapter 2 Countries, Institutions, and Policies; Comparative Advantage; 2.1 Average Spell Survival and Comparative Disadvantage; 2.2 Traveling through Diversification Cones; 2.3 Evolution of Sectoral Shares with Income Levels; Trade Costs and the Business Environment; Boxes; 2.1 Examples of Non-Tariff Barriers and Their Costs in Southern Africa 327 $a2.4 Constraints to Survival2.5 First-Year Survival Rates and Business Environment Measures in the Origin Country; 2.6 First-Year Survival Rates and Financial Development; 2.1 Survival Versus Business Environment Measures in African Countries: Correlations; Standards and Their Enforcement; 2.2 A Malian Mango's "Soldier's Run"; Annex 2A: Survey of African Exporters on Export Survival; 2A.1 Survey of African Exporters on Export Survival: Distribution of Exporters by Exporter Type; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Survival, Contracts, and Networks; Exports, Firms, and Survival; Learning and Synergies 327 $a3.1 Source of Client Contact, 2009Networks: Migrants and Diasporas; 3.2 Importance of Barriers to Export: Regular Exporters (Number of Responses), 2009; 3.1 Origin and Destination of Emigrant Stocks by Region; 3.2 Origin and Destination of Emigrant Stocks by African Region, Percent of Total Emigration; 3.3 Occupational Changes of Internal and International Migrants: Burkina Faso, 2009; 3.3 Export-Spell Hazard Rate Estimates: Cox Regressions; Notes; References; Chapter 4 Policy Implications; Thinking Strategically: Export-Expansion Paths 327 $a4.1 Effect of Prior, Non-OECD Experience on First-Year Survival Rates by Region of Origin 330 $aAfrican exporters suffer from low survival rates on international markets. They fail more often than others, incurring time and again the setup costs involved in starting new relationships. This high churning is a source of waste, uncertainty, and discouragement. However, this trend is not inevitable. The high "infant mortality" of African exports is largely explained by Africa's low-income business environment and, once properly benchmarked, Africa's performance in terms of exporter failure is no outlier. Moreover, African exporters show vigorous entrepreneurship, with high entry rates into n 410 0$aDirections in development (Washington, D.C.).$pTrade. 606 $aExports$zAfrica 606 $aSustainability$zAfrica 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aExports 615 0$aSustainability 676 $a338.5 700 $aBrenton$b Paul$0265813 701 $aCadot$b Olivier$0456040 701 $aPierola$b Martha Denisse$0901024 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452596803321 996 $aPathways to African export sustainability$92014000 997 $aUNINA