LEADER 02527nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910452268003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8093-3135-7 010 $a1-299-18388-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000001003009 035 $a(OCoLC)830021343 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10657075 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000836105 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11525180 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000836105 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11006579 035 $a(PQKB)10201098 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1354569 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse26088 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1354569 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10657075 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL449638 035 $a(OCoLC)856870507 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001003009 100 $a20120620d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aShaping language policy in the U.S$b[electronic resource] $ethe role of composition studies /$fScott Wible 210 $aCarbondale $cSouthern Illinois University Press$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (242 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8093-3134-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntroduction: Situating language policy within composition's past, present, and future -- The language curriculum research group: translating the students right to their own language resolution into pedagogical practice -- The CCCC national language policy: reframing the rhetoric of an English only United States -- The Defense Department's National Security Language policy: composing local responses to the United States' critical language needs --Conclusion: Redefining language policy's role in composition studies. 606 $aLanguage policy$zUnited States 606 $aEnglish language$xRhetoric$xStudy and teaching$zUnited States 606 $aEnglish language$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aNational security$zUnited States 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aLanguage policy 615 0$aEnglish language$xRhetoric$xStudy and teaching 615 0$aEnglish language$xPolitical aspects 615 0$aNational security 676 $a306.44/973 700 $aWible$b Scott$f1978-$0989901 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452268003321 996 $aShaping language policy in the U.S$92264169 997 $aUNINA LEADER 00907nam a22002531i 4500 001 991004217599707536 005 20020829111844.0 008 020829s1989 it |||||||||||||||||ita 035 $ab11943245-39ule_inst 035 $aARCHE-003305$9ExL 040 $aDip.to Filologia Ling. e Lett.$bita$cA.t.i. 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Koval 210 1$aHoboken [New Jersey] :$cJohn Wiley & Sons,$dc2009. 210 2$a[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :$cIEEE Xplore,$d[2009] 215 $a1 online resource (555 p.) 225 1 $aIEEE Press series on power engineering ;$v48 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-29228-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPreface -- 1 OUTLINE OF THE BOOK -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Reliability Assessment of Power Systems -- 1.3 Organization of the Chapters -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS -- 2.1 Concept of Frequency -- 2.2 Important Parameters of Frequency Distribution -- 2.3 Theory of Probability -- 2.4 Probability Distribution Model -- 2.5 Sampling Theory -- 2.6 Statistical Decision Making -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 RELIABILITY PRINCIPLES -- 3.1 Failure Rate Model -- 3.2 Concept of Reliability of Population -- 3.3 Mean Time to Failures -- 3.4 Reliability of Complex Systems -- 3.5 Standby System Modeling -- 3.6 Concepts of Availability and Dependability -- 3.7 Reliability Measurement -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4 APPLICATIONS OF SIMPLE RELIABILITY MODELS -- 4.1 Equipment Failure Mechanism -- 4.2 Availability of Equipment -- 4.3 Oil Circuit Recloser (OCR) Maintenance Issues -- 4.4 Distribution Pole Maintenance Practices -- 4.5 Procedures for Ground Testing -- 4.6 Insulators Maintenance -- 4.7 Customer Service Outages -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References -- 5 ENGINEERING ECONOMICS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Concept of Interest and Equivalent -- 5.3 Common Terms -- 5.4 Formulas for Computing Interest -- 5.5 Annual Cost -- 5.6 Present Value (PV) Concept -- 5.7 Theory of Rate of Return -- 5.8 Cost-Benefit Analysis Approach -- 5.9 Financial Risk Assessment -- 5.10 Conclusions -- References -- 6 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 State Enumeration Methodologies -- 6.3 Network Reduction Methods -- 6.4 Bayes. Theorem in Reliability -- 6.5 Construction of Fault Tree Diagram -- 6.6 The Application of Conditional Probability Theory to System Operating Configurations -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- 7 DESIGNING RELIABILITY INTO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Example 1: Simple Radial Distribution System -- 7.3 Example 2: Reliability Analysis of a Primary Selective System to the 13.8 kV Utility Supply. 327 $a7.4 Example 3: A Primary Selective System to the Load Side of a 13.8 kV Circuit Breaker -- 7.5 Example 4: Primary Selective System to the Primary of the Transformer -- 7.6 Example 5: A Secondary Selective System -- 7.7 Example 6: A Simple Radial System with Spares -- 7.8 Example 7: A Simple Radial System with Cogeneration -- 7.9 Reliability Evaluation of Miscellaneous System Configurations -- 7.10 Conclusions -- References -- 8 ZONE BRANCH RELIABILITY METHODOLOGY -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Zone Branch Concepts -- 8.3 Industrial System Study -- 8.4 Application of Zone Branch Methodology: Case Studies -- .4.5 Case 5: Design .E.--Dual Supply Primary Selective -- 8.4.6 Case 6: Design .F.--Double Bus/Double Breaker Radial -- 8.4.7 Case 7: Design .G.--Double Bus/Double Breaker Loop -- 8.4.8 Case 8: Design .H.--Double Bus/Breaker Primary Selective -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 EQUIPMENT OUTAGE STATISTICS -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Interruption Data Collection Scheme -- 9.3 Typical Distribution Equipment Outage Statistics -- 9.4 Conclusions -- References -- 10 HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Automatic Outage Management System -- 10.3 Historical Assessment -- 10.4 Crew Center-Level Analysis -- 10.5 Development of a Composite Index for Reliability Performance Analysis at the Circuit Level -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 DETERMINISTIC CRITERIA -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Current Distribution Planning and Design Criteria -- 11.3 Reliability Cost Versus Reliability Benefit Trade-Offs in Distribution System Planning -- 11.4 Alternative Feed Requirements for Overhead Distribution Systems -- 11.5 Examples of Deterministic Planning Guidelines for Alternative Feed Requirements -- 11.6 Value-Based Alternative Feeder Requirements Planning -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- 12 IMPORTANT FACTORS RELATED TO DISTRIBUTION STANDARDS -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Relevant Issues and Factors in Establishing Distribution Reliability Standards -- 12.3 Performance Indices at Different System Levels of a Utility. 327 $a12.4 Performance Indices for Different Utility Types -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- 13 STANDARDS FOR REREGULATED DISTRIBUTION UTILITY -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Cost of Service Regulation versus Performance-Based Regulation -- 13.3 A Reward/Penalty Structure in the Performance-Based Rates -- 13.4 Historical SAIFI and SAIDI Data and their Distributions -- 13.5 Computation of System Risks Based on Historical Reliability Indices -- 13.6 Cause Contributions to SAIFI and SAIDI Indices -- 13.7 Conclusions -- References -- 14 CUSTOMER INTERRUPTION COST MODELS FOR LOAD POINT RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Customer Interruption Cost -- 14.3 Series and Parallel System Model Equations -- 14.4 Dedicated Distribution Radial Feeder Configuration -- 14.5 Distribution Radial Feeder Configuration Serving Multiple Customers -- 14.6 Distribution Radial Feeder Configuration Serving Multiple Customers with Manual Sectionalizing -- 14.7 Distribution Radial Feeder Configuration Serving Multiple Customers with Automatic Sectionalizing -- 14.8 Distribution System Looped Radial Feeders -- 14.9 Conclusions -- References -- 15 VALUE-BASED PREDICTIVE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Value-Based Reliability Planning -- 15.3 Distribution System Configuration Characteristics -- 15.4 Case Studies -- 15.5 Illustrative Example System Problem and Its Reliability Calculations -- 15.6 Conclusions -- References -- 16 ISOLATION AND RESTORATION PROCEDURES -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Distribution System Characteristics -- 16.3 Case Studies -- 16.4 Major Substation Outages -- 16.5 Summary of Load Point Interruption Costs -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- 17 MESHED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Value-Based Reliability Assessment in a Deregulated Environment -- 17.3 The Characteristics of the Illustrative Urban Distribution System -- 17.4 Discussion of Results -- 17.5 Feeder and Transformer Loading Levels -- 17.6 Bus and Feeder Tie Analysis. 327 $a17.7 Maintenance -- 17.8 Feeders with Nonfused (Lateral) Three-Phase Branches -- 17.9 Feeder Tie Placement -- 17.10 Finding Optimum Section Length -- 17.11 Feeder and Transformer Loading -- 17.12 Feeder Tie Cost Calculation -- 17.13 Effects of Tie Maintenance -- 17.14 Additional Ties for Feeders with Three-Phase Branches -- 17.15 Conclusions -- References -- 18 RADIAL FEEDER RECONFIGURATION ANALYSIS -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Predictive Feeder Reliability Analysis -- 18.3 Reliability Data and Assumptions -- 18.4 Reliability Assessment for an Illustrative Distribution Feeder -- 18.5 Alternative Improvement Options Analysis -- 18.6 Summary of the Illustrative Feeder Reliability Performance Improvement Alternatives -- 18.7 Conclusions -- References -- 19 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Problem Definition -- 19.3 Illustrative Distribution System Configuration Characteristics -- 19.4 Reliability Assessment Model -- 19.5 Discussion of Results -- 19.6 Conclusions -- References -- 20 MODELS FOR SPARE EQUIPMENT -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Development of Probabilistic Models for Determining Optimal Number of Transformer Spares -- 20.3 Optimal Transformer Spares for Illustrative 72 kV Distribution Transformer Systems -- 20.4 Conclusions -- References -- 21 VOLTAGE SAGS AND SURGES AT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SITES -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 ANSI/IEEE Standard 446--IEEE Orange Book -- 21.3 IEEE Standard 493-2007--IEEE Gold Book -- 21.4 Frequency of Voltage Sags -- 21.5 Example Voltage Sag Problem: Voltage Sag Analysis of Utility and Industrial Distribution Systems -- 21.6 Frequency and Duration of Voltage Sags and Surges at Industrial Sites: Canadian National Power Quality Survey -- 21.7 Scatter Plots of Voltage Sag Levels as a Function of Duration -- 21.8 Scatter Plots of Voltage Surge Levels as a Function of Duration -- 21.9 Primary and Secondary Voltage Sages Statistical Characteristics -- 21.10 Primary and Secondary Voltage Surges Statistical Characteristics. 327 $a21.11 Conclusions -- References -- SELECTED PROBLEMS AND ANSWERS -- Index. 330 $aA practical, hands-on approach to power distribution system reliability As power distribution systems age, the frequency and duration of consumer interruptions will increase significantly. Now more than ever, it is crucial for students and professionals in the electrical power industries to have a solid understanding of designing the reliable and cost-effective utility, industrial, and commercial power distribution systems needed to maintain life activities (e.g., computers, lighting, heating, cooling, etc.). This books fills the void in the literature by providing readers with everything they need to know to make the best design decisions for new and existing power distribution systems, as well as to make quantitative "cost vs. reliability" trade-off studies. Topical coverage includes: . Engineering economics. Reliability analysis of complex network configurations. Designing reliability into industrial and commercial power systems. Application of zone branch reliability methodology. Equipment outage statistics. Deterministic planning criteria. Customer interruption for cost models for load-point reliability assessment. Isolation and restoration procedures. And much more Each chapter begins with an introduction and ends with a conclusion and a list of references for further reading. Additionally, the book contains actual utility and industrial power system design problems worked out with real examples, as well as additional problem sets and their solutions. Power Distribution System Reliability is essential reading for practicing engineers, researchers, technicians, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electrical power industries. 410 0$aIEEE Press series on power engineering ;$v48 606 $aElectric power systems$xReliability 606 $aElectric power production 615 0$aElectric power systems$xReliability. 615 0$aElectric power production. 676 $a621.319 676 $a621.3191 700 $aChowdhury$b Ali A.$0771192 701 $aKoval$b D. O$g(Don Orest)$0771193 712 02$aebrary, Inc. 801 0$bCaBNVSL 801 1$bCaBNVSL 801 2$bCaBNVSL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830408503321 996 $aPower distribution system reliability$91573642 997 $aUNINA