LEADER 05507nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910452198103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-12-396543-8 035 $a(CKB)2550000001103093 035 $a(EBL)1319046 035 $a(OCoLC)865329872 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001141523 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11750807 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001141523 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11093163 035 $a(PQKB)10321192 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1319046 035 $a(PPN)176624740 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1319046 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10735414 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL505599 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001103093 100 $a20130808d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBiomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction$b[electronic resource] $epractical design and theory /$fPrabir Basu 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aBoston $cElsevier/AP$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (551 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-396488-1 311 $a1-299-74348-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; About the Author; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Biomass and its Products; 1.1.1 Products of Biomass; 1.1.1.1 Chemicals Industries; 1.1.1.2 Energy Industries; 1.1.1.3 Transport Industries; 1.1.1.4 Environmental Industries; 1.2 Biomass Conversion; 1.2.1 Biochemical Conversion; 1.2.2 Thermo chemical Conversion; 1.2.2.1 Combustion; 1.2.2.2 Pyrolysis; 1.2.2.3 Torrefaction; 1.2.2.4 Gasification; 1.2.2.5 Liquefaction; 1.3 Motivation for Biomass Conversion; 1.3.1 Renewability Benefits 327 $a1.3.2 Environmental Benefits 1.3.2.1 Carbon-Neutral Feature of Biomass; 1.3.2.2 Sulfur Removal; 1.3.2.3 Nitrogen Removal; 1.3.2.4 Dust and Hazardous Gases; 1.3.3 Sociopolitical Benefits; 1.4 Historical Background; 1.5 Commercial Attraction of Gasification; 1.5.1 Comparison of Gasification and Combustion; 1.6 Brief Description of Some Biomass Conversion Processes; 1.6.1 Torrefaction; 1.6.2 Pyrolysis; 1.6.3 Combustion of Carbon; 1.6.4 Gasification of Carbon; 1.6.5 Syngas Production; 1.6.6 Methanol Synthesis; 1.6.7 Ammonia Synthesis; 1.6.8 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction; 1.6.9 Methanation Reaction 327 $aSymbols and Nomenclature 2 Economic Issues of Biomass Energy Conversion; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biomass Availability and Products; 2.2.1 Availability Assessment; 2.2.1.1 Energy Crop; 2.2.1.2 Biomass Cost; 2.2.2 Product Revenue from Biomass Conversion; 2.2.2.1 Energy Revenue; 2.2.2.2 Revenue from Chemicals; 2.2.2.3 Revenue from Secondary Fuel Production; 2.3 Biomass Conversion Process Plant Equipment and Cost; 2.3.1 Biomass Collection System; 2.3.2 Preprocessing; 2.3.3 Gasifier Cost; 2.3.4 Torrefier Cost; 2.3.5 Pyrolyzer Cost; 2.3.6 Comparison of Capital Costs; 2.4 Financial Analysis 327 $a2.4.1 Capital Cost Adjustment for Size and Time 2.4.1.1 Scale-Up with Size; 2.4.1.2 Scale-Up with Time; 2.4.2 Capital Requirement; 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Cost; 2.4.3.1 Carrying Charge; 2.4.3.2 Revenue Requirement; Symbols and Nomenclature; 3 Biomass Characteristics; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 What Is Biomass?; 3.2.1 Biomass Formation; 3.2.2 Types of Biomass; 3.2.2.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass; 3.2.2.2 Crops and Vegetables; 3.2.2.3 Waste Biomass; 3.3 Structure of Biomass; 3.3.1 Structure of Wood; 3.3.2 Constituents of Biomass Cells; 3.3.2.1 Cellulose; 3.3.2.2 Hemicellulose; 3.3.2.3 Lignin 327 $a3.4 General Classification of Fuels 3.4.1 Atomic Ratio; 3.4.2 Relative Proportions of Lignocellulosic Components; 3.4.3 Ternary Diagram; 3.5 Properties of Biomass; 3.5.1 Physical Properties; 3.5.1.1 Densities; True Density; Apparent Density; Bulk Density; Biomass (Growth) Density; 3.5.2 Thermodynamic Properties; 3.5.2.1 Thermal Conductivity; 3.5.2.2 Specific Heat; 3.5.2.3 Heat of Formation; 3.5.2.4 Heat of Combustion (Reaction); 3.5.2.5 Heating Value; 3.5.2.6 Ignition Temperature; 3.6 Composition of Biomass; 3.6.1 Ultimate Analysis; 3.6.2 Proximate Analysis; 3.6.2.1 Volatile Matter 327 $a3.6.2.2 Ash 330 $aBiomass is the most widely used non-fossil fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long-term given the increasing proliferation of dedicated energy crops for biofuels. The second edition of Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis is enhanced with new topics, such as torrefaction and cofiring, making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass conversion systems. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and op 606 $aBiomass gasification 606 $aPyrolysis 606 $aBiomass$xCombustion 606 $aGas manufacture and works 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aBiomass gasification. 615 0$aPyrolysis. 615 0$aBiomass$xCombustion. 615 0$aGas manufacture and works. 676 $a662.88 700 $aBasu$b Prabir$015496 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452198103321 996 $aBiomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction$91550060 997 $aUNINA