LEADER 03679nam 2200769 a 450 001 9910451096903321 005 20210603221709.0 010 $a1-281-43112-5 010 $a9786611431129 010 $a0-226-77474-0 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226774749 035 $a(CKB)1000000000409872 035 $a(EBL)408200 035 $a(OCoLC)476227911 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000116138 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11125109 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000116138 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10033391 035 $a(PQKB)10034829 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC408200 035 $a(DE-B1597)535685 035 $a(OCoLC)1058444031 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226774749 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL408200 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10230055 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL143112 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000409872 100 $a19930405d1993 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun#---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aBusiness cycles, indicators, and forecasting$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by James H. Stock and Mark W. Watson 210 $aChicago $cUniversity of Chicago Press$dc1993 215 $a1 online resource (350 p.) 225 1 $aStudies in business cycles ;$vv. 28 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-226-77488-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and indexes. 327 $tFront matter --$tRelation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research --$tContents --$tAcknowledgments --$tIntroduction --$t1. Twenty-two Years of the NBERASA Quarterly Economic Outlook Surveys: Aspects and Comparisons of Forecasting Performance --$t2. A Procedure for Predicting Recessions with Leading Indicators: Econometric Issues and Recent Experience --$t3. Estimating Event Probabilities from Macroeconometric Models Using Stochastic Simulation --$t4. A Nine-Variable Probabilistic Macroeconomic Forecasting Model --$t5. Why Does the Paper-Bill Spread Predict Real Economic Activity? --$t6. Further Evidence on Business- Cycle Duration Dependence --$t7. A Dynamic Index Model for Large Cross Sections --$t8. Modeling Nonlinearity over the Business Cycle --$tContributors --$tAuthor Index --$tSubject Index 330 $aThe inability of forecasters to predict accurately the 1990-1991 recession emphasizes the need for better ways for charting the course of the economy. In this volume, leading economists examine forecasting techniques developed over the past ten years, compare their performance to traditional econometric models, and discuss new methods for forecasting and time series analysis. 410 0$aStudies in business cycles ;$vno. 28. 606 $aEconomic forecasting$vCongresses 606 $aEconomic indicators$vCongresses 606 $aBusiness cycles$vCongresses 606 $aEconomic forecasting$zUnited States$vCongresses 606 $aEconomic indicators$zUnited States$vCongresses 606 $aBusiness cycles$zUnited States$vCongresses 607 $aUnited States$xEconomic conditions$vCongresses 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEconomic forecasting 615 0$aEconomic indicators 615 0$aBusiness cycles 615 0$aEconomic forecasting 615 0$aEconomic indicators 615 0$aBusiness cycles 676 $a338.5/42 701 $aStock$b James H$0122895 701 $aWatson$b Mark W$0119533 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910451096903321 996 $aBusiness cycles, indicators, and forecasting$91940958 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05392nam 2200709Ia 450 001 9910437981703321 005 20250609111420.0 010 $a1-299-19717-5 010 $a1-4614-3767-9 024 7 $a10.1007/978-1-4614-3767-3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000336353 035 $a(EBL)1081831 035 $a(OCoLC)827212503 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000854853 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11464397 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000854853 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10902923 035 $a(PQKB)11262360 035 $a(DE-He213)978-1-4614-3767-3 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1081831 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4976401 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4976401 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL450967 035 $a(OCoLC)1027152762 035 $a(PPN)168298368 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4418691 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000336353 100 $a20130116d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAstrophysics of the interstellar medium /$fWalter J. Maciel ; translated by Margarida Serote Roos 205 $a1st ed. 2013. 210 $aNew York, NY $cSpringer$dc2013 215 $a1 online resource (268 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-4899-9691-5 311 08$a1-4614-3766-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aAstrophysics of the Interstellar Medium; Preface; About the Author; Contents; Chapter 1: General Overview of the Interstellar Medium; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Density of the Interstellar Medium; 1.3 The Interstellar Zoo; 1.4 Historical Sketch; 1.4.1 Bright Nebulae; 1.4.2 Dark Nebulae; 1.4.3 Diffuse Interstellar Gas; 1.5 The Oort Limit; Exercises; Bibliography; Chapter 2: The Interstellar Radiation Field; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Radio-Frequency Integrated Radiation; 2.2.1 Bremsstrahlung Radiation; 2.2.2 Synchrotron Radiation (Magnetobremsstrahlung); 2.2.3 Line Radiation 327 $a2.3 Cosmic Background Radiation2.4 Integrated Radiation Field; 2.5 Radiative Transfer; 2.5.1 Radiative Transfer Equation; 2.5.2 Transfer Equation Solution; 2.5.3 Numerical Example: Energy Density; 2.6 High-Energy Radiation; Exercises; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Spectral Line Formation; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium Equations; 3.2.1 Maxwellian Velocity Distribution Function; 3.2.2 Boltzmann Equation; 3.2.3 Saha Equation; 3.2.4 The Planck Function; 3.3 Radiative Transfer; 3.4 Einstein Coefficients; 3.4.1 Emission Coefficient; 3.4.2 Absorption Coefficient 327 $a3.4.3 Relations Between the Einstein Coefficients3.5 Spectral Line Profile; 3.5.1 Absorption Line Profile; 3.5.2 Doppler Profile; 3.5.3 Lorentz Profile; 3.5.4 Voigt Profile; 3.5.5 Integrated Absorption Cross Section; 3.5.6 Relations Between the Einstein Coefficients and the Oscillator Strength; 3.5.7 Induced Emissions; 3.6 The Source Function; Exercises; Bibliography; Chapter 4: Interstellar Emission and Absorption Lines; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Optical Recombination Lines; 4.2.1 Recombination Coefficient; 4.2.2 Recombination Line Analysis; 4.2.3 Results; 4.3 The H 21cm Emission Line 327 $a4.3.1 Introduction4.3.2 Brightness Temperature; 4.3.3 H Column Density Calculation; 4.3.4 Results; 4.4 The H 21cm Absorption Line; 4.4.1 Observations; 4.4.2 Results; 4.5 Broad Absorption Lines; 4.5.1 Broad Absorption Lines Intensity: H and H2; 4.5.2 Example: Interstellar Lyman-? Line; 4.5.3 Results; 4.5.4 Lines of Highly Ionized Elements; 4.6 Curve of Growth; 4.7 Narrow Absorption Lines; 4.7.1 Introduction; 4.7.2 Problems in the Analysis of the Curves of Growth; 4.7.3 Empirical Curve of growth; 4.7.4 Interstellar Abundances; Exercises; Bibliography 327 $aChapter 5: Excitation in the Interstellar Medium5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Statistical Equilibrium; 5.3 Collisional Excitation; 5.4 Collisional/Radiative Excitation; 5.4.1 The Statistical Equilibrium Equation; 5.4.2 Relation Between Rates gammajk and gammakj; 5.4.3 Collisional Excitation Rate; 5.4.4 Relations Between Cross Sections; 5.4.5 Cross Section and Collision Strength; 5.4.6 Relation Between Coefficients gammakj and Omega(j,k); 5.4.7 Example: O II and O III in Photoionized Nebulae; 5.4.8 Example: H Collisional Excitation in H I Regions; 5.4.9 Other Processes; 5.5 Two-Level Atoms 327 $a5.5.1 Deviation Coefficients 330 $aThe space between the stars includes a large variety of objects, where physical processes occur that are fundamental for the structure and evolution of galaxies. This book gives the reader some basic knowledge of these processes and at the same time, presents estimates of the main quantities relevant to the study of the interstellar medium. The book could be used as an introductory course on the interstellar medium  by science students or by readers interested in astrophysics with an adequate physics and mathematics background. 606 $aInterstellar matter 606 $aAstrophysics 615 0$aInterstellar matter. 615 0$aAstrophysics. 676 $a523.1/135 676 $a523.1135 700 $aMaciel$b W. J$g(Walter Junqueira)$01367338 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910437981703321 996 $aAstrophysics of the interstellar medium$94197826 997 $aUNINA